Mini Citizenship Test 2 Flashcards
The US Citizenship and Immigration Services is a branch of which federal department.
Department of Homeland Security
Immigrants who want to become citizens must meet five requirements, name one.
must have entered the US legally, must be of good moral character, must declare their support of the American government, must prove they can read, write, and speak English (unless 50 yrs or older and have lived in the US 20 yrs), must show some basic knowledge of American history and government
Name an example of a situation where a person can not become a citizen.
draft evaders, military deserts, polygamists, anarchists, Communists, or followers of an other totalitarian regime
An applicant requesting citizenship must be at least how old?
18
Congress has used collective naturalization five times
1803 people living in the territory gain through Louisiana Purchase, Florida was purchased in 1819
Republic of Texas was admitted into the Union in 1845, Hawaii in 1990, Residents of Puerto Rico in 1917
have lived in the US as a lawfully admitted resident alien for ___ months of the previous ___ years
30 months 5 years
if married to a US citizen, he or she only needs ___ years of residency before filing
3 years
__________ is a process by which members of a whole group of people, living in the same geographic area, become American citizens through an act of Congress
collective naturalization
1868 Congress decided that the citizenship guarantees of the 14th Amendment would not apply to ______
Native Americans
only the _____ can both grant citizenship and take it away
federal government
Americans can lose their citizenship in any of three ways:
through expatriation
by being convicted of certain crimes
through denaturalization
the simplest way to lose citizenship is through ______, or giving up one’s citizenship by leaving one’s native country to live in a foreign country
expatriation
a person may lose citizenship when convicted of certain crimes including what?
treason, participation in a rebellion, and attempts to overthrow the govt through violent means
the loss of citizenship through fraud or deception during the naturalization process is called __________
denaturalization
the most common way a citizen participates in political life is by ____
voting
a major challenge for democratic political system is dealing with _____ and _____
crime and criminals
a ____ is an act against a law of the state
it may also harm an individual or a person’s property
crime
to protect the innocent, the ___________ guarantees “the right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures”
4th Amendment
before 1980, how many states had search laws that permitted police to enter a home without a warrant if they had probable cause to believe that the occupant had committed a felony?
23
a ______ is a major crime
felony
________ is the Court case that established the exclusionary rule
Weeks v. the United States
the _______ states that any illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in federal court
exclusionary rule
___________ is the Court case that ruled that as long as the police act in good faith when they request a warrant, the evidence they collect may be used in court even if the warrant is defective
United States v. Leon
in the Leon case, a judge had made a mistake by issuing a warrant based on _________ that later was found to be invalid
probable cause
in 1984, the Court also approved an “___________” exception to the exclusionary rule
inevitable discovery
in __________, the Court held that evidence obtained in violation of a defendant’s rights can be used at trial
Nix v. Williams
Fourth amendment protections may be limited inside _______
high schools
in ____________, the Supreme Court ruled that school officials do not need warrants or probable cause to search students or their property
New Jersey v. T.L.O
in 1995 the Court upheld in __________ mandatory suspicionless drug tests for all students participating in interscholastic athletics
Vernonia School District 47J v. Action
in 1968 Congress passed the omnibus _________ which required federal, state, and local authorities to obtain a court order for most wiretaps
Crime Control and Safe Streets Act
in 1978 Congress passed the _________, requiring a court order even for wiretapping and bugging in national security cases
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
the _______ Amendment guarantees a defendant the right “to have the assistance of counsel for his defense”
Sixth Amendment
generally the federal courts provided counsel, or a _____, in federal cases
attorney
IN order to place a wire tap device you must have a what?
warrant
the Supreme Court first dealt with the right to counsel in state courts in this court case ________
Powell v. Alabama
in _______, the Court held that states did not have to provide a lawyer in cases not involving the death penalty
Betts v. Brady
in 1963, ___________ won a landmark case that ended the Betts rule
Clarence Ear Gideon
the Court has since extended the Gideon decision by ruling that whenever a jail sentence of ___ months or more is possible punishment, the accused has a right to a lawyer at the public’s expense from the time of the arrest through the appeals process
6 months
the ______ Amendment says no one “shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself” and states in part that no person shall be “twice put in jeopardy of life and limb”
Fifth Amendment
in 1964 the Court reversed Escobedo’s conviction, ruling that Escobedo’s ___ and ___ Amendments had been violated
5th and 6th
the courts have interpreted the 5th Amendment’s protection against ___________ to cover witnesses before congressional committees and grand juries as well as defendants in criminal cases
self-incrimination
the guidelines that police use before the questioning of suspects are now known as the __________
Miranda Rules
__________ means a person may not be tried twice for the same crime, thus protecting people from continual harassment
double jeopardy
the _____ Amendment forbids “cruel and unusual punishments”
8th Amendment
in _____________ the Court ruled that under adequate guidelines the death penalty does not constitute cruel and unusual punishment
Gregg v. Georgia
the American ideal of citizenship has always stressed each citizen’s responsibility to participate in ______
political life
Gideon v. Wainright overruled the _______ court case
Betts v. Brady
the court ruled in the ______ case that the 5th Amendment’s protection against self-incrimination requires suspects to be clearly informed of their rights before police question them
Escobedo v. Illinois
