Minerals vocab and information Flashcards
what is the Formula for Quartz?
SiO2
What is the system for Quartz?
Hexagonal-trigonal
The habit for Quartz?
Hexagonal prisms terminated by rhombohedra, massive, granular
The lustre of Quartz?
Vitreous
What is the colour of Quartz?
Colourless
What is the streak of Quartz?
White
Does Quartz have a cleavage?
No
What type of fracture does Quartz have?
Conchoidial
Hardness of Quartz?
7
Whats the Specific gravity of Quarts?
2.25
What is the other name of Orthoclase?
K- Feldspar
What is the chemical formula for Orthoclase?
KAlSi3O8
What system does Orthoclase have?
Monoclinic
What is habits does Orthoclase have?
prismatic, flattened or elongate,simple twins, massive.
What colour streak does Orthoclase have?
White
What colour is Orthoclase?
White, grey, pink, red or flesh coloured
Does Orthoclase have Cleavage?
2 at 90 degrees
What fracture does Orthoclase have?
Conchoidal to uneven fracture and splintery
What hardness does Orthoclase have?
6
What is the specific gravity of Orthoclase?
2.6
What is the Other name for Albite?
Plagioclase Feldspar
What is the formula for Albite?
NaAlSi3O8
What system does Albite have?
Triclinic
What habit does Albite have?
Tabular or irregular, granular
Multiple, twining common
What lustre does Albite Have?
Virtreous
What colour is Albite?
White, bluish, greyish, reddish, greenish tinge
What streak does Albite have?
White
Does Albite have cleavage?
2 at 90
Does Albite Fracture?
Yes, unevenly
What hardness does Albite have?
6-6.5
What is Albite specific gravity?
2.6-2.62
What is another name for Anorthite?
Plagioclase Feldspar but Ca rich.
What is the formula for Anorthite?
CaAl2Si2O8
What system does Anorthite have?
Triclinic
What habits does Anorthite have?
Prismatic or elongate or cleavable masses
What Lustre does Anorthite have?
Vitreous
What is the colour of Anorthite?
White or Colourless
What streak does Anorthite have?
White
Does Anorthite have a cleavage?
2 at 90 degrees
What type of fracture is found in Anorthite?
Conchoidal fracture
What hardness does Anorthite have?
6-6.5
What is Anorthite’s Specific gravity?
2.7
What is Biotites full name?
Biotite mica
What is the formula for Biotite?
K(Mg,Fe)3 (AlSi3O10)(OH)2
What system does Biotite have?
Monoclinic
What habits does Biotite have?
Pseudo-hexagonal flakes, tabular, very thin, flexible, elastic
What is the lustre of Biotite?
Pearly, Vitreous, sub-metallic splendent
What is the colour of Biotite
Brown, black, dark green
What colour streak does Biotite have?
White
Does Biotite have a cleavage
1 perfect basal cleavage
Does Biotite fracture?
No
What is the hardness value of Biotite?
2.5-3.0
What specific gravity does Biotite have?
2.7-3.1
What is the formula for Muscovite?
KAl2(AlSiO10)(OH)2
What system does Muscovite have?
Monoclinic
What habit does Muscovite have?
Pseudo-hexagonal, tabular-platy, cleavage flakes, flexible and elastic
What is the lustre for Muscovite?
Vitreous, pearly
What is the colour of Muscovite?
Colourless, pale colours
What colour streak does Muscovite have?
White
Does Muscovite have cleavage?
1 perfect basal cleavage yielding flakes
What type of fracture does Muscovite have?
No fracture
What is the hardness of Muscovite?
2-2.5
What is the specific gravity of Muscovite?
2.7-3
What is the formula for Chlorite?
(Mg,Fe,Al)6 (Al,Si)4O10 (OH)8
What system does Chlorite have?
Monoclinic
What habit does Chlorite have?
Scaly aggregates, fine grained masses, granular, flakes not elastic
What lustre does Chlorite have?
Pearly
What is the colour of Chlorite?
Green of various shades
What is the colour of the streak for Chlorite?
Pale green, white
Does Chlorite have a cleavage?
One perfect basal cleavage
Does Chlorite fracture?
NO
What Hardness does Chlorite have?
1.5-2.5
What is the specific gravity of Chlorite?
2.65-2.9
What is another name for hornblende?
Amphibole
What is the formula for Hornblend?
NaCa2(Mg,Fe,Al)5(SiAl)8O22(OH)2
What system does Hornblende have?
Prismatic, bladed, massive, granular
What lustre does Hornblende have?
Vitreous
What is the colour of Hornblende?
Dark green, black
What colour streak does Hornblende have?
White, grey
Does Hornblende have cleavage?
2 at 60 degrees (120 degrees)
What type of fracture does hornblende have?
uneven fracture
What is the hardness of hornblende?
5-6
What it the specific gravity of Hornblende?
3-3.4
What is the scientific name for Augite?
Clinopyroxene
What system does Augite have?
Monoclinic
What is the formular for Augite?
Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)2 (AlSi)2O6
What system does Augite have?
Monoclinic
What is the habit of Augite?
Short prismatic xtals,
often square x-sect, granular,
massive, often twinned
What is the Lustre of Augite?
Vitreous
What colour does Augite have?
Black and greenish black
What colour streak does Augite have?
White, grey
Does Augite have Cleavage?
2 at 90 degrees
Does Augite fracture?
NO
What is the Hardness of Augite?
5-6
What is the Specific gravity of Augite?
3.2-3.5
What is the formula for Olivine?
(Fe,Mg)2SiO4
What are the two types of Olivine
Forsterite (Mg) and Fayalite (Fe)
What system does Olivine have?
Orthorhombic
What habit does Olivine have?
Prismatic with modified domes, massive, granular
What type of lustre does Olivine have?
Vitreous
What colour is Olivine?
Shades of green, pale green, olive green, grey-green, brown, black , darker with inc Fe content.
What colour streak is Olivine?
White
Does Olivine have a cleavage?
No
What type of fracture does Olivine have?
Conchoidal fracture
What is the hardness of Olivine?
6-7
What is the specific gravity of Olivine?
3.2-4.3
What is the formular for calcite?
CaCO3
What system does Calcite have?
Hexagonal
What is Calcites habit?
Cleavage rhombs, prismatic or tabular, reacts with HCl
What is the Lustre of Calcite?
Vitreous
What is the colour of calcite?
White, colourless (grey, yellow, blue, red, green, black tints)
What is the colour of the streak for Calcite?
White
Does Calcite have Cleavage?
3 at 75 degrees yielding rhombohedra
What type of fracture does Calcite have?
Conchoidal fracture - difficult to observe
What is the hardness of Calcite?
3.0
What the specific gravity of Calcite?
2.7
The formula for Gypsum
CaSO4.2H2O
What is the system for Gypsum?
Monoclinic
What habit does Gypsum have?
swallow-tailed and arrow-head forms, laminated, granular, fibrous, flexible but not elastic
What type of lustre does gypsum have?
Vitreous, pearly, fibrous - silky
What colour is Gypsum?
White, grey, yellow
What colour streak does Gypsum have?
White
Does Gypsum have cleavage?
1 Perfect, 2 poor
What type of fracture does Gypsum have?
Fibrous, or thin non-elastic plates
What is the Hardness of Gypsum?
Hardness: 1.5-2, scratched by finger nail
What is the specific gravity for Gypsum?
2.3
What is the chemical for Barite?
BaSO4
What system does Barite have?
Orthorhombic
What habit does Barite have?
Tabular, prismatic, massive, lamellar, fibrous
What lustre does Barite have?
Vitreous
What is the colour of Barite?
Colourless, white, tinged yellow, red, brown
What is the colour of the streak for Barite?
White
Does Barite have cleavage?
2 Perfect cleavages
What type of fracture does Barite have?
uneven fracture
What is the hardness value for Barite?
3-3.5
What is the specific gravity for Barite?
4.3-4.6
What is the chemical formula for Fluorite?
CaF2
What system does Fluorite?
Cubic
What habit does Fluorite have?
cubes and octahedra, octahedral cleavage fragments, granular, massive
What lustre does Fluorite have?
Vitreous
What is the colour of Fluorite?
All colours
What colour streak does Fluorite have?
White
Does Fluorite have cleavage?
Perfect octahedral cleavage (4),
What type of fracture does Fluorite have?
conchoidal to uneven fracture
What hardness is Fluorite?
4
What is the specific gravity for Fluorite?
3-3.2
What is the formula for Pyrite?
FeS2
What system does pyrite have?
Cubic
What habits does Pyrite have?
Cubes, pyritohedron and octahedra, massive, granular, faces of cube often striated
What type of lustre does Pyrite have?
Metallic
What is the colour for Pyrite?
Pale brass-yellow
What colour streak does pyrite have?
Greenish, brown-black
Does pyrite have cleavage?
Poor cleavage
What type of fracture does Pyrite have?
Conchoidal, uneven fracture
How hard is Pyrite?
6–6.5
What is the specific gravity of Pyrite?
5
What is the formula for Chalcopyrite?
CuFeS2
What system does Chalcopyrite have?
Tetragonal
What is the habit for Chalcopyrite?
usually massive
What type of Lustre does Chalcopyrite?
Metallic
What is the colour of Chalcopyrite?
Brass-yellow (tarnishes)
What is the colour of the streak of Chalcopyrite?
Greenish black
Does Chalcopyrite have cleavage?
Imperfect
What type of fracture does Chalcopyrite have?
uneven, conchoidal fracture
What Hardness value does Chalcopyrite?
3.5-4
What is the Specific Gravity of Chalcopyrite?
4.1–4.3
What is the formula for Galena?
PbS
What system does Galena have?
Cubic
What habit does Galena have?
Cubic crystals, massive, granular
What type of Lustre does Galena have?
Metallic, but often dull
What is the colour for Galena?
Lead-grey
What is the colour of the streak of Galena?
Lead-grey
Does Galena have cleavage?
Perfect cubic (3), crumbles readily into small cubes when struck
What type of fracture does Galena have?
sub-conchoidal, flat
What is the hardness of Galena?
2.5
What is the specific gravity of Galena?
7.6
What is the formula for Sphalerite?
ZnS
What is system for Sphalerite?
Cubic
What habit does Sphalerite have?
Tetrahedra and dodecahedra
Lustre: Resinous, metallic-adamantine
What is the colour of Sphalerite?
Black, brown; also yellow and white
What is the colour of the streak for Sphalerite?
White/reddish brown
Does Sphalerite have cleavage?
Perfect parallel to the faces of the rhombdodecahedron
What type of fracture does Sphalerite have?
Conchoidal fracture
What is the hardness value for Sphalerite?
3.5-4
What is the specific gravity for Sphalerite?
4-4.1
What is the formula for Hematite?
Fe2O3
What system does Hematite have?
Hexagonal - Trigonal
What habit does Hematite have?
octohedra, rhombohedra, tabular, micaceous, reniform, granular
What is the lustre of Hematite?
Metallic, highly splendent – specular hematite
What is the colour of hematite?
Steel grey to iron black, blood red when thin
What colour streak does Hematite have?
Cherry red
Does Hematite have Cleavage?
Poor parallel to rhomb and basal pinacoid
What type of fracture does Hematite have?
Sub-conchoidal to uneven fracture
What is the hardness of Hematite?
5.5-6.5
What is the specific gravity of Hematite?
4.9-5.3
What is the formula for Magnetite?
Fe3O4
What is the system for Magnetite?
Cubic
What is the Habit of Magnetite?
Octahedral, massive, granular
What type of lustre does Magnetite have?
Metallic
What is the colour of Magnetite?
Iron-black
What colour is the streak of Magnetite?
Black
Does Magnetite have Cleavage?
None to poor octahedral cleavage
What type of fracture does Magnetite have?
Sub-conchoidal to uneven fracture
What is the hardness value of Magnetite?
5.5-6.5
What is the specific gravity of Magnetite?
5.2
What is the formula for Talc?
Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
What system does Talc have?
Monoclinic
What are the habits for Talc?
foliaceous, fine masses, greasy feel, flexible sheets
What type of lustre does Talc have?
Pearly
What colour is Talc?
White, green-white
What is the colour for the streak of talc?
White
Does Talc have cleavage?
1 perfect basal cleavage
Does Talc fracture?
No
What is the Hardness of talc?
1
What is the specific gravity of Talc?
2.7-2.8
What is the Formula for Halite?
NaCl
What system does Halite have?
Cubic
What is the habit of Halite?
cubes with stepped faces, massive
What type of lustre does Halite have?
Vitreous
What is the colour of Halite?
White
What is the colour of the streak for Halite?
White
Does Halite have Cleavage?
3 at 90 degrees
What type of fracture does Halite have?
Conchoidal fracture
What is the hardness of Halite?
2-2.5
What is the specific gravity of Halite?
2.2
What is the formula for Apatite?
Ca5(F,Cl) (PO4)3
What system does Apatite have?
Hexagonal
What habits does Apatite have?
Prismatic hexagonal xtals, massive, granular
What type of lustre does Apatite have?
Sub-resinous or vitreous
What is the colour of Apatite?
Pale sea-green, bluish-green, yellowish, shades of blue, grey, red and brown
What colour streak does Apatite have?
White
Does Apatite have cleavage?
V. poor cleavage parallel to the basal plane
What type of fracture does Apatite have?
Conchoidal and uneven fracture
What is the hardness of Apatite?
5
What is the specific gravity if Apatite?
3.1-3.2
What is the formula for Topaz?
Al,F)2SiO4
What system does Topaz have?
Orthorhombic
What Habit does Topaz have?
Prismatic, columnar, granular
What type of lustre does Topaz have?
Vitreous
What colour is Topaz?
Colourless, wine-yellow, straw-yellow, white, grey, blue, pink
What colour is the streak for Topaz?
White
Does Topaz have a cleavage?
1 perfect cleavage
What type of fracture does Topaz have?
Conchoidal to uneven fracture
Hardness
What is the hardness value for Topaz?
8
What is the specific gravity for Topaz?
3.4-3.6
What is the formula for Corundum?
Al2O3
What system does Corundum have?
Hexagonal
What habits does Corundum have?
barrel or pyramidal xtals, granular, massive
What is the Lustre of Corundum?
Vitreous, adamantine
What is the colour of Corundum?
Grey, greenish, reddish, Red -Ruby, Blue - Sapphire
What is the streak colour for Corundum?
White
Does Corundum have cleavage?
No cleavage but separation parallel to the basal plane
What type of fracture does Corundum have?
Uneven, conchoidal
What is the hardness value for Corundum?
9.0
What is the specific gravity of Corundum?
3.9-4.1
