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HDSO Rocks and Minerals > Minerals vocab and information > Flashcards

Minerals vocab and information Flashcards

1
Q

what is the Formula for Quartz?

A

SiO2

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2
Q

What is the system for Quartz?

A

Hexagonal-trigonal

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3
Q

The habit for Quartz?

A

Hexagonal prisms terminated by rhombohedra, massive, granular

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4
Q

The lustre of Quartz?

A

Vitreous

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5
Q

What is the colour of Quartz?

A

Colourless

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6
Q

What is the streak of Quartz?

A

White

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7
Q

Does Quartz have a cleavage?

A

No

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8
Q

What type of fracture does Quartz have?

A

Conchoidial

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9
Q

Hardness of Quartz?

A

7

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10
Q

Whats the Specific gravity of Quarts?

A

2.25

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11
Q

What is the other name of Orthoclase?

A

K- Feldspar

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12
Q

What is the chemical formula for Orthoclase?

A

KAlSi3O8

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13
Q

What system does Orthoclase have?

A

Monoclinic

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14
Q

What is habits does Orthoclase have?

A

prismatic, flattened or elongate,simple twins, massive.

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15
Q

What colour streak does Orthoclase have?

A

White

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16
Q

What colour is Orthoclase?

A

White, grey, pink, red or flesh coloured

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17
Q

Does Orthoclase have Cleavage?

A

2 at 90 degrees

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18
Q

What fracture does Orthoclase have?

A

Conchoidal to uneven fracture and splintery

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19
Q

What hardness does Orthoclase have?

A

6

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20
Q

What is the specific gravity of Orthoclase?

A

2.6

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21
Q

What is the Other name for Albite?

A

Plagioclase Feldspar

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22
Q

What is the formula for Albite?

A

NaAlSi3O8

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23
Q

What system does Albite have?

A

Triclinic

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24
Q

What habit does Albite have?

A

Tabular or irregular, granular

Multiple, twining common

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25
Q

What lustre does Albite Have?

A

Virtreous

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26
Q

What colour is Albite?

A

White, bluish, greyish, reddish, greenish tinge

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27
Q

What streak does Albite have?

A

White

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28
Q

Does Albite have cleavage?

A

2 at 90

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29
Q

Does Albite Fracture?

A

Yes, unevenly

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30
Q

What hardness does Albite have?

A

6-6.5

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31
Q

What is Albite specific gravity?

A

2.6-2.62

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32
Q

What is another name for Anorthite?

A

Plagioclase Feldspar but Ca rich.

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33
Q

What is the formula for Anorthite?

A

CaAl2Si2O8

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34
Q

What system does Anorthite have?

A

Triclinic

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35
Q

What habits does Anorthite have?

A

Prismatic or elongate or cleavable masses

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36
Q

What Lustre does Anorthite have?

A

Vitreous

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37
Q

What is the colour of Anorthite?

A

White or Colourless

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38
Q

What streak does Anorthite have?

A

White

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39
Q

Does Anorthite have a cleavage?

A

2 at 90 degrees

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40
Q

What type of fracture is found in Anorthite?

A

Conchoidal fracture

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41
Q

What hardness does Anorthite have?

A

6-6.5

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42
Q

What is Anorthite’s Specific gravity?

A

2.7

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43
Q

What is Biotites full name?

A

Biotite mica

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44
Q

What is the formula for Biotite?

A

K(Mg,Fe)3 (AlSi3O10)(OH)2

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45
Q

What system does Biotite have?

A

Monoclinic

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46
Q

What habits does Biotite have?

A

Pseudo-hexagonal flakes, tabular, very thin, flexible, elastic

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47
Q

What is the lustre of Biotite?

A

Pearly, Vitreous, sub-metallic splendent

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48
Q

What is the colour of Biotite

A

Brown, black, dark green

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49
Q

What colour streak does Biotite have?

A

White

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50
Q

Does Biotite have a cleavage

A

1 perfect basal cleavage

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51
Q

Does Biotite fracture?

A

No

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52
Q

What is the hardness value of Biotite?

A

2.5-3.0

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53
Q

What specific gravity does Biotite have?

A

2.7-3.1

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54
Q

What is the formula for Muscovite?

A

KAl2(AlSiO10)(OH)2

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55
Q

What system does Muscovite have?

A

Monoclinic

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56
Q

What habit does Muscovite have?

A

Pseudo-hexagonal, tabular-platy, cleavage flakes, flexible and elastic

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57
Q

What is the lustre for Muscovite?

A

Vitreous, pearly

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58
Q

What is the colour of Muscovite?

A

Colourless, pale colours

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59
Q

What colour streak does Muscovite have?

A

White

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60
Q

Does Muscovite have cleavage?

A

1 perfect basal cleavage yielding flakes

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61
Q

What type of fracture does Muscovite have?

A

No fracture

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62
Q

What is the hardness of Muscovite?

A

2-2.5

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63
Q

What is the specific gravity of Muscovite?

A

2.7-3

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64
Q

What is the formula for Chlorite?

A

(Mg,Fe,Al)6 (Al,Si)4O10 (OH)8

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65
Q

What system does Chlorite have?

A

Monoclinic

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66
Q

What habit does Chlorite have?

A

Scaly aggregates, fine grained masses, granular, flakes not elastic

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67
Q

What lustre does Chlorite have?

A

Pearly

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68
Q

What is the colour of Chlorite?

A

Green of various shades

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69
Q

What is the colour of the streak for Chlorite?

A

Pale green, white

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70
Q

Does Chlorite have a cleavage?

A

One perfect basal cleavage

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71
Q

Does Chlorite fracture?

A

NO

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72
Q

What Hardness does Chlorite have?

A

1.5-2.5

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73
Q

What is the specific gravity of Chlorite?

A

2.65-2.9

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74
Q

What is another name for hornblende?

A

Amphibole

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75
Q

What is the formula for Hornblend?

A

NaCa2(Mg,Fe,Al)5(SiAl)8O22(OH)2

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76
Q

What system does Hornblende have?

A

Prismatic, bladed, massive, granular

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77
Q

What lustre does Hornblende have?

A

Vitreous

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78
Q

What is the colour of Hornblende?

A

Dark green, black

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79
Q

What colour streak does Hornblende have?

A

White, grey

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80
Q

Does Hornblende have cleavage?

A

2 at 60 degrees (120 degrees)

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81
Q

What type of fracture does hornblende have?

A

uneven fracture

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82
Q

What is the hardness of hornblende?

A

5-6

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83
Q

What it the specific gravity of Hornblende?

A

3-3.4

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84
Q

What is the scientific name for Augite?

A

Clinopyroxene

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85
Q

What system does Augite have?

A

Monoclinic

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86
Q

What is the formular for Augite?

A

Ca(Mg,Fe,Al)2 (AlSi)2O6

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87
Q

What system does Augite have?

A

Monoclinic

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88
Q

What is the habit of Augite?

A

Short prismatic xtals,
often square x-sect, granular,
massive, often twinned

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89
Q

What is the Lustre of Augite?

A

Vitreous

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90
Q

What colour does Augite have?

A

Black and greenish black

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91
Q

What colour streak does Augite have?

A

White, grey

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92
Q

Does Augite have Cleavage?

A

2 at 90 degrees

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93
Q

Does Augite fracture?

A

NO

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94
Q

What is the Hardness of Augite?

A

5-6

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95
Q

What is the Specific gravity of Augite?

A

3.2-3.5

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96
Q

What is the formula for Olivine?

A

(Fe,Mg)2SiO4

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97
Q

What are the two types of Olivine

A

Forsterite (Mg) and Fayalite (Fe)

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98
Q

What system does Olivine have?

A

Orthorhombic

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99
Q

What habit does Olivine have?

A

Prismatic with modified domes, massive, granular

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100
Q

What type of lustre does Olivine have?

A

Vitreous

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101
Q

What colour is Olivine?

A

Shades of green, pale green, olive green, grey-green, brown, black , darker with inc Fe content.

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102
Q

What colour streak is Olivine?

A

White

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103
Q

Does Olivine have a cleavage?

A

No

104
Q

What type of fracture does Olivine have?

A

Conchoidal fracture

105
Q

What is the hardness of Olivine?

A

6-7

106
Q

What is the specific gravity of Olivine?

A

3.2-4.3

107
Q

What is the formular for calcite?

A

CaCO3

108
Q

What system does Calcite have?

A

Hexagonal

109
Q

What is Calcites habit?

A

Cleavage rhombs, prismatic or tabular, reacts with HCl

110
Q

What is the Lustre of Calcite?

A

Vitreous

111
Q

What is the colour of calcite?

A

White, colourless (grey, yellow, blue, red, green, black tints)

112
Q

What is the colour of the streak for Calcite?

A

White

113
Q

Does Calcite have Cleavage?

A

3 at 75 degrees yielding rhombohedra

114
Q

What type of fracture does Calcite have?

A

Conchoidal fracture - difficult to observe

115
Q

What is the hardness of Calcite?

A

3.0

116
Q

What the specific gravity of Calcite?

A

2.7

117
Q

The formula for Gypsum

A

CaSO4.2H2O

118
Q

What is the system for Gypsum?

A

Monoclinic

119
Q

What habit does Gypsum have?

A

swallow-tailed and arrow-head forms, laminated, granular, fibrous, flexible but not elastic

120
Q

What type of lustre does gypsum have?

A

Vitreous, pearly, fibrous - silky

121
Q

What colour is Gypsum?

A

White, grey, yellow

122
Q

What colour streak does Gypsum have?

A

White

123
Q

Does Gypsum have cleavage?

A

1 Perfect, 2 poor

124
Q

What type of fracture does Gypsum have?

A

Fibrous, or thin non-elastic plates

125
Q

What is the Hardness of Gypsum?

A

Hardness: 1.5-2, scratched by finger nail

126
Q

What is the specific gravity for Gypsum?

A

2.3

127
Q

What is the chemical for Barite?

A

BaSO4

128
Q

What system does Barite have?

A

Orthorhombic

129
Q

What habit does Barite have?

A

Tabular, prismatic, massive, lamellar, fibrous

130
Q

What lustre does Barite have?

A

Vitreous

131
Q

What is the colour of Barite?

A

Colourless, white, tinged yellow, red, brown

132
Q

What is the colour of the streak for Barite?

A

White

133
Q

Does Barite have cleavage?

A

2 Perfect cleavages

134
Q

What type of fracture does Barite have?

A

uneven fracture

135
Q

What is the hardness value for Barite?

A

3-3.5

136
Q

What is the specific gravity for Barite?

A

4.3-4.6

137
Q

What is the chemical formula for Fluorite?

A

CaF2

138
Q

What system does Fluorite?

A

Cubic

139
Q

What habit does Fluorite have?

A

cubes and octahedra, octahedral cleavage fragments, granular, massive

140
Q

What lustre does Fluorite have?

A

Vitreous

141
Q

What is the colour of Fluorite?

A

All colours

142
Q

What colour streak does Fluorite have?

A

White

143
Q

Does Fluorite have cleavage?

A

Perfect octahedral cleavage (4),

144
Q

What type of fracture does Fluorite have?

A

conchoidal to uneven fracture

145
Q

What hardness is Fluorite?

A

4

146
Q

What is the specific gravity for Fluorite?

A

3-3.2

147
Q

What is the formula for Pyrite?

A

FeS2

148
Q

What system does pyrite have?

A

Cubic

149
Q

What habits does Pyrite have?

A

Cubes, pyritohedron and octahedra, massive, granular, faces of cube often striated

150
Q

What type of lustre does Pyrite have?

A

Metallic

151
Q

What is the colour for Pyrite?

A

Pale brass-yellow

152
Q

What colour streak does pyrite have?

A

Greenish, brown-black

153
Q

Does pyrite have cleavage?

A

Poor cleavage

154
Q

What type of fracture does Pyrite have?

A

Conchoidal, uneven fracture

155
Q

How hard is Pyrite?

A

6–6.5

156
Q

What is the specific gravity of Pyrite?

A

5

157
Q

What is the formula for Chalcopyrite?

A

CuFeS2

158
Q

What system does Chalcopyrite have?

A

Tetragonal

159
Q

What is the habit for Chalcopyrite?

A

usually massive

160
Q

What type of Lustre does Chalcopyrite?

A

Metallic

161
Q

What is the colour of Chalcopyrite?

A

Brass-yellow (tarnishes)

162
Q

What is the colour of the streak of Chalcopyrite?

A

Greenish black

163
Q

Does Chalcopyrite have cleavage?

A

Imperfect

164
Q

What type of fracture does Chalcopyrite have?

A

uneven, conchoidal fracture

165
Q

What Hardness value does Chalcopyrite?

A

3.5-4

166
Q

What is the Specific Gravity of Chalcopyrite?

A

4.1–4.3

167
Q

What is the formula for Galena?

A

PbS

168
Q

What system does Galena have?

A

Cubic

169
Q

What habit does Galena have?

A

Cubic crystals, massive, granular

170
Q

What type of Lustre does Galena have?

A

Metallic, but often dull

171
Q

What is the colour for Galena?

A

Lead-grey

172
Q

What is the colour of the streak of Galena?

A

Lead-grey

173
Q

Does Galena have cleavage?

A

Perfect cubic (3), crumbles readily into small cubes when struck

174
Q

What type of fracture does Galena have?

A

sub-conchoidal, flat

175
Q

What is the hardness of Galena?

A

2.5

176
Q

What is the specific gravity of Galena?

A

7.6

177
Q

What is the formula for Sphalerite?

A

ZnS

178
Q

What is system for Sphalerite?

A

Cubic

179
Q

What habit does Sphalerite have?

A

Tetrahedra and dodecahedra

Lustre: Resinous, metallic-adamantine

180
Q

What is the colour of Sphalerite?

A

Black, brown; also yellow and white

181
Q

What is the colour of the streak for Sphalerite?

A

White/reddish brown

182
Q

Does Sphalerite have cleavage?

A

Perfect parallel to the faces of the rhombdodecahedron

183
Q

What type of fracture does Sphalerite have?

A

Conchoidal fracture

184
Q

What is the hardness value for Sphalerite?

A

3.5-4

185
Q

What is the specific gravity for Sphalerite?

A

4-4.1

186
Q

What is the formula for Hematite?

A

Fe2O3

187
Q

What system does Hematite have?

A

Hexagonal - Trigonal

188
Q

What habit does Hematite have?

A

octohedra, rhombohedra, tabular, micaceous, reniform, granular

189
Q

What is the lustre of Hematite?

A

Metallic, highly splendent – specular hematite

190
Q

What is the colour of hematite?

A

Steel grey to iron black, blood red when thin

191
Q

What colour streak does Hematite have?

A

Cherry red

192
Q

Does Hematite have Cleavage?

A

Poor parallel to rhomb and basal pinacoid

193
Q

What type of fracture does Hematite have?

A

Sub-conchoidal to uneven fracture

194
Q

What is the hardness of Hematite?

A

5.5-6.5

195
Q

What is the specific gravity of Hematite?

A

4.9-5.3

196
Q

What is the formula for Magnetite?

A

Fe3O4

197
Q

What is the system for Magnetite?

A

Cubic

198
Q

What is the Habit of Magnetite?

A

Octahedral, massive, granular

199
Q

What type of lustre does Magnetite have?

A

Metallic

200
Q

What is the colour of Magnetite?

A

Iron-black

201
Q

What colour is the streak of Magnetite?

A

Black

202
Q

Does Magnetite have Cleavage?

A

None to poor octahedral cleavage

203
Q

What type of fracture does Magnetite have?

A

Sub-conchoidal to uneven fracture

204
Q

What is the hardness value of Magnetite?

A

5.5-6.5

205
Q

What is the specific gravity of Magnetite?

A

5.2

206
Q

What is the formula for Talc?

A

Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

207
Q

What system does Talc have?

A

Monoclinic

208
Q

What are the habits for Talc?

A

foliaceous, fine masses, greasy feel, flexible sheets

209
Q

What type of lustre does Talc have?

A

Pearly

210
Q

What colour is Talc?

A

White, green-white

211
Q

What is the colour for the streak of talc?

A

White

212
Q

Does Talc have cleavage?

A

1 perfect basal cleavage

213
Q

Does Talc fracture?

A

No

214
Q

What is the Hardness of talc?

A

1

215
Q

What is the specific gravity of Talc?

A

2.7-2.8

216
Q

What is the Formula for Halite?

A

NaCl

217
Q

What system does Halite have?

A

Cubic

218
Q

What is the habit of Halite?

A

cubes with stepped faces, massive

219
Q

What type of lustre does Halite have?

A

Vitreous

220
Q

What is the colour of Halite?

A

White

221
Q

What is the colour of the streak for Halite?

A

White

222
Q

Does Halite have Cleavage?

A

3 at 90 degrees

223
Q

What type of fracture does Halite have?

A

Conchoidal fracture

224
Q

What is the hardness of Halite?

A

2-2.5

225
Q

What is the specific gravity of Halite?

A

2.2

226
Q

What is the formula for Apatite?

A

Ca5(F,Cl) (PO4)3

227
Q

What system does Apatite have?

A

Hexagonal

228
Q

What habits does Apatite have?

A

Prismatic hexagonal xtals, massive, granular

229
Q

What type of lustre does Apatite have?

A

Sub-resinous or vitreous

230
Q

What is the colour of Apatite?

A

Pale sea-green, bluish-green, yellowish, shades of blue, grey, red and brown

231
Q

What colour streak does Apatite have?

A

White

232
Q

Does Apatite have cleavage?

A

V. poor cleavage parallel to the basal plane

233
Q

What type of fracture does Apatite have?

A

Conchoidal and uneven fracture

234
Q

What is the hardness of Apatite?

A

5

235
Q

What is the specific gravity if Apatite?

A

3.1-3.2

236
Q

What is the formula for Topaz?

A

Al,F)2SiO4

237
Q

What system does Topaz have?

A

Orthorhombic

238
Q

What Habit does Topaz have?

A

Prismatic, columnar, granular

239
Q

What type of lustre does Topaz have?

A

Vitreous

240
Q

What colour is Topaz?

A

Colourless, wine-yellow, straw-yellow, white, grey, blue, pink

241
Q

What colour is the streak for Topaz?

A

White

242
Q

Does Topaz have a cleavage?

A

1 perfect cleavage

243
Q

What type of fracture does Topaz have?

A

Conchoidal to uneven fracture

Hardness

244
Q

What is the hardness value for Topaz?

A

8

245
Q

What is the specific gravity for Topaz?

A

3.4-3.6

246
Q

What is the formula for Corundum?

A

Al2O3

247
Q

What system does Corundum have?

A

Hexagonal

248
Q

What habits does Corundum have?

A

barrel or pyramidal xtals, granular, massive

249
Q

What is the Lustre of Corundum?

A

Vitreous, adamantine

250
Q

What is the colour of Corundum?

A

Grey, greenish, reddish, Red -Ruby, Blue - Sapphire

251
Q

What is the streak colour for Corundum?

A

White

252
Q

Does Corundum have cleavage?

A

No cleavage but separation parallel to the basal plane

253
Q

What type of fracture does Corundum have?

A

Uneven, conchoidal

254
Q

What is the hardness value for Corundum?

A

9.0

255
Q

What is the specific gravity of Corundum?

A

3.9-4.1

HDSO Rocks and Minerals (7 decks)

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