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EARTH SCIENCE > MINERALS (LESSON 3) > Flashcards

MINERALS (LESSON 3) Flashcards

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1
Q

DEFINE MINERALS

A

NATURALLY OCCURING, INORGANIC ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS WITH SPECIFIC PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE MINERAL PROPERTIES?

A

COLOR, STREAK, LUSTER, HARDNESS, FRACTURE/CLEAVAGE, CRYSTAL FORM, SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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3
Q

LEAST USEFUL PROPERTY IN IDENTIFYING MINERALS .

A

COLOR

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4
Q

THE COLOR OF A MINERAL’S POWDER

A

STREAK

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5
Q

HOW THE MINERALS SURFACE REFLECT LIGHT.
METALLIC VS. NON METALLIC

A

LUSTER

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6
Q

THE ABILITY OF A MINERAL TO RESIST BEING SCRATCHED

A

HARDNESS

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7
Q

THE MINERALS WILL BREAK UNEVENLY OR IRREGULARLY

A

FRACTURE

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8
Q

THE TENDENCY OF A MINERAL TO BREAK EVENLY ALONG ITS WEAKES PLANE.

A

CLEAVAGE

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9
Q

SOME MINERALS TEND TO FORM CRYSTALS THAT AID IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MINERAL.

A

CRYSTAL FORM

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10
Q

THE RATIO OF THE DENSITY OF THE MINERAL TO THE DENSITY OF WATER

A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

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11
Q

ARE FROMED BY MAGMA AND LAVA AS IT COOLS

A

IGNEOUS ROCKS

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12
Q

2 FORMATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS AND GIVE EXAMPLES

A

EXTRUSIVE ROCKS (EXAMPLE : OBSIDIAN, BASALT)
ITNRUSIVE ROCKS ( EXAMPLE : GRANITE, GABRO)

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13
Q

FORMED ABOVE THE GROUND WHEN LAVA FLOWS OR EXPLODES, COOLS QUICKLY

A

EXTRUSIVE ROCKS

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14
Q

FORMED UNDERGROUND FROM MAGMA, COOLS SLOWLY

A

INTRUSIVE ROCKS

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE TEXTURE OF IGNEOUS ROCK

A

DEPENDS ON THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE CRYSTALS WHEN THE ROCK FORMS. THIS IS DUE TO THE COOLING RATE OF THE ROCKS.

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16
Q

PRODUCES FINE GRAINS AND SMALL CRYSTALS
EXAMPLE: ANDESITE

A

RAPID COOLING

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17
Q

PRODUCES COARSE GRAINS WITH LARGE CRYSTALS
EXAMPLE: DIORITE

A

SLOW COOLING

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18
Q

WHAT ARE IGNEOUS ROCKS CLASSIFICATION USING THEIR TEXTURE:

A

GLASSY, APHANITIC, PHANERITIC, PROPHYRITIC

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19
Q

IGNEOUS ROCKS HAVE NO CRYSTAL STRUCTURE

A

GLASSY

20
Q

IT HAS CRYSTALS BUT NOT VISIBLE

A

APHANITIC ROCKS

21
Q

IT HAS VISIBLE CRYSTALS

A

PHANERITIC

22
Q

SOME CRYSTALS ARE VISIBLE SOME ARE NOT

A

PROPHYRITIC

23
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE)
HIGH IN SILICA USUALLY APEARS LIGHT IN COLOR

A

TRUE

24
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE)
LOW AMOUNT OF SILICA USUALLY USUALLY PRODUCES DARK COLORED ROCKS

A

TRUE

25
Q

WHAT ARE THE COMMON TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS?

A

-BASALT -GRANITE
-DIORITE -GABBRO

26
Q

MADE WHEN SEDIMENTS ARE PRESSED TOGETHER OVERTIME AND BECOME A ROCK.

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

27
Q

FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

EROSION, DEPOSITION, COMPACTION, AND CEMENTATION

28
Q

DEFINE EROSION

A

WEARING AWAY OF ROCK, DIRT, SOIL, PARTICLES ETC. DUE TO WIND

29
Q

DEFINE DEPOSITION

A

SEDIMENTS FROM EROSION ARE LEFT OR DEPOSITED IN A DIFFERENT PLACE

30
Q

DEFINE COMPACTION

A

BUILD UP OVERTIME AND PRESS DOWN ON THE LAYERS BELOW

31
Q

DEFINE CEMENTATION

A

ARE DISSOLVED IN WATER START TO CRYSTALLIZED. THESE CRYSTALLIZED MINERALS “GLUE” THE SOLIDS OR GRAINS TOGETHER

32
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

-CLASTIC
-ORGANIC
-CHEMICAL

33
Q

DEFINE CLASTIC

A

FORMED BY SEDIMENTS THAT WERE ERODED LONG TIME AGO

34
Q

DEFINE ORGANICS

A

MADE FROM THE REMAINS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS

35
Q

DEFINE CHEMICAL

A

DISSOLVED CHEMICAL SOLUTION THAT CRYSTALLIZED

36
Q

COMMON TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

-LIMESTONE -GYPSUM
-SANDSTONE -SHALE

37
Q

WHAT IS THE TEXTURE OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS?

A

SMOOTH AND LIGHT IN COLOR

38
Q

DEFINE METAMORPHIC ROCKS

A

IT IS MADE UP OF OTHER ROCKS

39
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE)
HEAT AND PRESSURE HELP CHANGE AN IGNEOUS OR SEDIMENTARY ROCK INTO A NEW KIND OF ROCK

A

TRUE

40
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE)
METAMORPHIC ROCK HAS NO SPECIFIC COLOR

A

TRUE

41
Q

WHAT ARE THE 2 CLASSIFICATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCK?

A

FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK
NON-FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK

42
Q

DEFINE FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK

A

GRAINS ARE ARRANGED IN PARALLEL LAYERS OR BANDS

43
Q

DEFINE NON-FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK

A

GRAINS ARE RANDOM. THEY DO NOT SPLIT INTO LAYERS.

44
Q

(TRUE OR FALSE)
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ORIGINALLY START OUT AS DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS. BECAUSE OF PRESSURE WITHIN THE EARTH, THEY MELT AND CHANGE.

A

FALSE, ITS METAMORPHIC ROCK

45
Q

EXPLAIN THE ROCK CYCLE

A

THE EARTH RECYCLES. IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE CONSTANTLY CHANGING FROM NEW ROCKS. OLD ROCKS IS ERODED AND DEPOSITED SOMEWHERE ELSE TO BECOME SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. TECTONIC PLATE SUBDUCT INTO THE MANTLE TO MELT AND FORM IGNEOUS ROCK, INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK AND SEDIMENTARY ROCK ARE BURIED DEEP IN THE EARTH AND ARE SUBJECTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE TO BECOME METAMORPHIC ROCK.

EARTH SCIENCE (6 decks)

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