MINERALS (LESSON 3) Flashcards
DEFINE MINERALS
NATURALLY OCCURING, INORGANIC ELEMENTS OR COMPOUNDS WITH SPECIFIC PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
WHAT ARE THE MINERAL PROPERTIES?
COLOR, STREAK, LUSTER, HARDNESS, FRACTURE/CLEAVAGE, CRYSTAL FORM, SPECIFIC GRAVITY
LEAST USEFUL PROPERTY IN IDENTIFYING MINERALS .
COLOR
THE COLOR OF A MINERAL’S POWDER
STREAK
HOW THE MINERALS SURFACE REFLECT LIGHT.
METALLIC VS. NON METALLIC
LUSTER
THE ABILITY OF A MINERAL TO RESIST BEING SCRATCHED
HARDNESS
THE MINERALS WILL BREAK UNEVENLY OR IRREGULARLY
FRACTURE
THE TENDENCY OF A MINERAL TO BREAK EVENLY ALONG ITS WEAKES PLANE.
CLEAVAGE
SOME MINERALS TEND TO FORM CRYSTALS THAT AID IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE MINERAL.
CRYSTAL FORM
THE RATIO OF THE DENSITY OF THE MINERAL TO THE DENSITY OF WATER
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
ARE FROMED BY MAGMA AND LAVA AS IT COOLS
IGNEOUS ROCKS
2 FORMATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS AND GIVE EXAMPLES
EXTRUSIVE ROCKS (EXAMPLE : OBSIDIAN, BASALT)
ITNRUSIVE ROCKS ( EXAMPLE : GRANITE, GABRO)
FORMED ABOVE THE GROUND WHEN LAVA FLOWS OR EXPLODES, COOLS QUICKLY
EXTRUSIVE ROCKS
FORMED UNDERGROUND FROM MAGMA, COOLS SLOWLY
INTRUSIVE ROCKS
WHAT IS THE TEXTURE OF IGNEOUS ROCK
DEPENDS ON THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE CRYSTALS WHEN THE ROCK FORMS. THIS IS DUE TO THE COOLING RATE OF THE ROCKS.
PRODUCES FINE GRAINS AND SMALL CRYSTALS
EXAMPLE: ANDESITE
RAPID COOLING
PRODUCES COARSE GRAINS WITH LARGE CRYSTALS
EXAMPLE: DIORITE
SLOW COOLING
WHAT ARE IGNEOUS ROCKS CLASSIFICATION USING THEIR TEXTURE:
GLASSY, APHANITIC, PHANERITIC, PROPHYRITIC
IGNEOUS ROCKS HAVE NO CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
GLASSY
IT HAS CRYSTALS BUT NOT VISIBLE
APHANITIC ROCKS
IT HAS VISIBLE CRYSTALS
PHANERITIC
SOME CRYSTALS ARE VISIBLE SOME ARE NOT
PROPHYRITIC
(TRUE OR FALSE)
HIGH IN SILICA USUALLY APEARS LIGHT IN COLOR
TRUE
(TRUE OR FALSE)
LOW AMOUNT OF SILICA USUALLY USUALLY PRODUCES DARK COLORED ROCKS
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE COMMON TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS?
-BASALT -GRANITE
-DIORITE -GABBRO
MADE WHEN SEDIMENTS ARE PRESSED TOGETHER OVERTIME AND BECOME A ROCK.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
FORMATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
EROSION, DEPOSITION, COMPACTION, AND CEMENTATION
DEFINE EROSION
WEARING AWAY OF ROCK, DIRT, SOIL, PARTICLES ETC. DUE TO WIND
DEFINE DEPOSITION
SEDIMENTS FROM EROSION ARE LEFT OR DEPOSITED IN A DIFFERENT PLACE
DEFINE COMPACTION
BUILD UP OVERTIME AND PRESS DOWN ON THE LAYERS BELOW
DEFINE CEMENTATION
ARE DISSOLVED IN WATER START TO CRYSTALLIZED. THESE CRYSTALLIZED MINERALS “GLUE” THE SOLIDS OR GRAINS TOGETHER
CLASSIFICATION OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
-CLASTIC
-ORGANIC
-CHEMICAL
DEFINE CLASTIC
FORMED BY SEDIMENTS THAT WERE ERODED LONG TIME AGO
DEFINE ORGANICS
MADE FROM THE REMAINS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS
DEFINE CHEMICAL
DISSOLVED CHEMICAL SOLUTION THAT CRYSTALLIZED
COMMON TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
-LIMESTONE -GYPSUM
-SANDSTONE -SHALE
WHAT IS THE TEXTURE OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS?
SMOOTH AND LIGHT IN COLOR
DEFINE METAMORPHIC ROCKS
IT IS MADE UP OF OTHER ROCKS
(TRUE OR FALSE)
HEAT AND PRESSURE HELP CHANGE AN IGNEOUS OR SEDIMENTARY ROCK INTO A NEW KIND OF ROCK
TRUE
(TRUE OR FALSE)
METAMORPHIC ROCK HAS NO SPECIFIC COLOR
TRUE
WHAT ARE THE 2 CLASSIFICATION OF METAMORPHIC ROCK?
FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK
NON-FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK
DEFINE FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK
GRAINS ARE ARRANGED IN PARALLEL LAYERS OR BANDS
DEFINE NON-FAILED METAMORPHIC ROCK
GRAINS ARE RANDOM. THEY DO NOT SPLIT INTO LAYERS.
(TRUE OR FALSE)
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ORIGINALLY START OUT AS DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROCKS. BECAUSE OF PRESSURE WITHIN THE EARTH, THEY MELT AND CHANGE.
FALSE, ITS METAMORPHIC ROCK
EXPLAIN THE ROCK CYCLE
THE EARTH RECYCLES. IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE CONSTANTLY CHANGING FROM NEW ROCKS. OLD ROCKS IS ERODED AND DEPOSITED SOMEWHERE ELSE TO BECOME SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. TECTONIC PLATE SUBDUCT INTO THE MANTLE TO MELT AND FORM IGNEOUS ROCK, INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCK AND SEDIMENTARY ROCK ARE BURIED DEEP IN THE EARTH AND ARE SUBJECTED TO HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE TO BECOME METAMORPHIC ROCK.
