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Geology Lab > Minerals, Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic Rocks > Flashcards

Minerals, Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Crystal form (habit)

A

the general shape or character of a crystal or cluster of crystals that have grown in nature unimpeded.

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2
Q

Cleavage

A

breakage of a mineral along a flat plane of weakness

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3
Q

Excellent Cleavage

A

easily identifiable; minerals that when broken produce pieces shaped as cubes, rhombohedrons, columns, pyramids or planes

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4
Q

Good Cleavage

A

minerals that when broken retain a distinctive shape with flat sides, but have distortion around parts of the mineral (ex: rounded edges)

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5
Q

Poor/Absent

A

.

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6
Q

Mineral Hardness

A

measure of the resistance of a mineral to abrasion or scratching

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7
Q

Color

A

Not always diagnostic because of impurities

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8
Q

Streak

A

Color of the fine powder of a mineral obtained by rubbing the mineral across a piece of unglazed porcelain

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9
Q

Reaction to Hydrochloric Acid

A

determines whether a mineral is a member of the Carbonate family (CO3)

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10
Q

Rocks

A

aggregates of minerals in which the minerals retain their individual properties

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11
Q

Igneous Rocks Compositional Features

A
  1. Dominated by dark colored silicate minerals
  2. ~50% dark to ~50% light colored silicate minerals
  3. Dominated by light colored silicate minerals
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12
Q

Igneous Rocks Grain Size

A

Usually have visible crystal. Fine grain = extrusive rock. Coarse grain = intrusive rock

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13
Q

Felsic

A

Igneous rock composed mainly of light-colored minerals like quartz and feldspar

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14
Q

Intermediate

A

Igneous rock composed of a mixture of light and dark-colored minerals like quartz, feldspar, amphibole, and biotite

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15
Q

Mafic

A

Dark-colored minerals like olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole account for 45%-85% of the rock. Plagioclase feldspar makes up most of the rest of the rock.

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16
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

rocks composed of sediment-products of weathering consisting of loose rock fragments, mineral grains broken down from once-intact rock, mineral crystal that precipitate directly out of water, as well as shells and skeletons of organisms.

17
Q

Clastic rocks

A

composed of cemented particles that have been subjected to moderate to intense physical and chemical weathering

18
Q

Chemical rocks

A

Chemicals rocks are all created through some form of dissolution and precipitation, the result of chemical result weathering of surface rocks and minerals. Composed on one mineral, unlike Clastic rocks.

19
Q

Biochemical

A

precipitates are produced from the hard skeletal tissue of once living organisms

20
Q

Clastic Coarse Grained

A

Conglomerate (rounded) … Breccia (angular)

21
Q

Clastic Medium Grained

A

Quartz Sandstone. Arkose Sandstone. Lithic Sandstone.

22
Q

Fine Grained

A

Mudstone. Shale.

23
Q

Chemical Limestone

A
  1. Large shells frag . (Coquina)
  2. Mixed-Sized Shell and Skeletal Material (fossiliferous)
  3. Smooth and fine grained (Micrite)
  4. Powdery (Chalk)
  5. Ooids (oolitic); Pisoids (Pisolitic)
  6. Crystalline
24
Q

Chemical Not Limestone

A
  1. Rusty (ironstone)
  2. Powdery (claystone)
  3. Very soft (alabaster)
  4. Very hard (chert)
  5. Salt (rock salt)
  6. Black, Dusty, light (Coal)
25
Q

Foliation

A

refers to a metamorphic texture in which flat or elongate minerals are preferentially aligned in response to exposure to high temperatures and differential stress in a high pressure environment (look for parallel lines / directionality)

26
Q

Non-Foliated Rocks

A

show fused-together grains, which are created by a process called ‘recrystallization’, in which the atoms of the original, individual grains, break their bonds and the re-bond as one entity, forming a mosaic-type texture

27
Q

Types of luster

A

Metallic

Non-metallic

Vitreous or glassy
Pearly
Resinous
Earthy

28
Q

Types of luster

A

Metallic

Non-metallic

Vitreous or glassy
Pearly
Resinous
Earthy

29
Q

Hardness of Common Objects

A

Fingernail = 2 to 2.5

Nail = 4

Glass = 5.5

Streak plate = 6.5 to 7

Geology Lab (1 decks)

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