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Earth Science H > Minerals can you dig it? > Flashcards

Minerals can you dig it? Flashcards

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1
Q

In order to be considered a mineral a substance must possess 5 qualities. What are they?

A

Cystaline structure, Inorganic, Has to be solid, Naturally occuring, and has a set chemical formula.

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2
Q

You are working with a geologist out in the field and you come across a substance that pocessesses all the necessary qualitites to be considered a mineral, and is yellow and color. You know the mineral sulfur is also yellow in color. Is it safe to assume that this mineral is sulfur based on the color? Why or why not?

A
  1. Some minerals come in a varitey of colors.
  2. Many minerals are the same color.
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3
Q

Hypothetical question: I’ve laid out 3 minerals (graphite, magentite, and fluorite) and I’ve asked you to deermine the hardness of each one. What tools and steps would you use to go about doing this task? Be specific…

A

Use the Mohs hardness scale which is a scale of 1-10. 1 means that the mineral is soft and 10 means that the mineral is hard. Some tools we use are your fingernail (2.5), penny/copper (3), screw (4) and glass (5). We also use quartz which is a seven on the hardness scale. We will scratch the minerals against each other and whichever mineral scratches the other mineral is harder. If they scatch each other they are the same.

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4
Q

Look at the chemical equations:

H20 + CO2 = H2CO3

CaCO3 + H2CO3 = Ca(HCO3)2

A

In the first equation we have:

(water) + (carbon dioxide) = Carbonic acid

The second equation states:

Calcium Carbonate + Carbonic acid = Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate

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5
Q

Some minerals have very unique optical properties such as double refraction. (a): what mineral has this and (b): explain what is happening

A

Calcite has this unique property
When light enters it will split into two making a double image.

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6
Q

How small can you break a mineral until it no longer displays the specific shape?

A

On an atomic level.

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7
Q

What mineral has perfect octahedral cleavage.

A

Fluroite.

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8
Q

What mineral has perfect cubic cleavage.

A

Halite

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9
Q

What mineral has a rhombohedral cleavage.

A

Calcite has rhombohedral cleavage.

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10
Q

Cleavage is said to be ________ when it occurs parallel to the base like _____

A

Answer #1 = Basal
Answer #2 = Mica

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11
Q

Virteous is another name for _______

A

Glassy

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12
Q

When a mineral breaks down it does so by either ___ or ___.

A

Fracturing or Cleavage

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13
Q

Topaz has a hardness of __

A

8

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14
Q

What is matter and where can it be found?

A

Matter is something that has mass and volume.
Matter is all solids, liquids, and gases. The main thing that is not considered matter is forms of energy.

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15
Q

All matter on earth is made of ____
Elements are made of ____

A

1= Elements

#2 = Atoms

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16
Q

If 2 or more elements are bonded togehther they are called ____

A

Compounds

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17
Q

1 How many elements make up 98.5% of the earths crust?

#2 Oxygen is___
#3 Silicon is ___

A

1 8

#2 46.6%
#3 27.7

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18
Q

Some minerals consist of only one element and these are called ____
Some examples are ____

A

Native minerals
Some examples are Silver (Ag), Copper (Cu), Sulfur (S), and diamond (C)

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19
Q

What are the methods for identifying a mineral.

A

Color, Hardness, luster, streak, and cleavage/fracture.

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20
Q

What terms are there for the luster of a mineral.

A

metallic, earthy, waxy, glossy, virteous/glassy, and adamantine.

21
Q

For determining the luster of a mineral we first need to consider if it is _____ or ____
If it is non metallic what ___ would we use to descibe it?

A

Metallic or Non-metallic
Term

22
Q

What 2 ways can we obtain the true color of a mineral?

A

Streaking the mineral and powdering the mineral( crushing the mineral)

23
Q

What is the hardness of a streak plate.

A

6.5

24
Q

magentite is ____
Haltite tastes ____
Sulfur smells ___
Fluorite glows under ___ ___
Calcite has a reaction with ___

A

magnetic
salty
bad
ultraviolet light
acid

25
Q

How are sinkholes formed

A

Rainwater and other forms of water and carbon dioxide form carbonic acid. The carbomic acid slowly dissolves the calcite in limestone and causes a sinkhole.

26
Q

What are the 5 optical properties

A

Double refraction, Magnification, Translucent, Transparent

27
Q

What is the definition of double refraction.

A

Optical phenomenon exhibited on certain minerals where a light ray enters the crystal and splits up into two separate rays.

28
Q

What is the definition of magnification?

A

The process of making something look bigger than it actually is.

29
Q

Which mineral has double refraction?

A

Calcite

30
Q

What is the definition of translucent?

A

Allowing light to pass through but you can not see the imge clearly.

31
Q

What minerals are transparent

A

Mica and Calcite.

32
Q

What is the definition of Opaque and what minerals have this property?

A

Opaque means that light cannot pass through and you can not see anything through the rock.
Minerals that have this property are graphite, pryite, magentite, etc.

33
Q

What mineral is translucent.

A

Halite

34
Q

The luster of a mineral is the way its surface _____ light.

A

Reflects

35
Q

A metallic luster is a ___ opaque apperance similar to a bright ___ bumper on a automobile.

A

Shiny
Chrome

36
Q

Other shiny but slightly transparent or translucent lusters are grouped as _____

A

Non-metallic

37
Q

I found an object that apperars to be a mixture of mineral; therfore I infer that it must be a ___

A

rock

38
Q

Sulfur and copper meet all of the criteria to be considered a mineral and they are also listed as elements on the periodic table. What do we call these special substances.

A

Periodic elements

39
Q

Ores are _____________

A

Ore is natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals concentrated above background levels, typically containing metals, that can be mined, treated and sold at a profit.

40
Q

What is Missouri’s state mineral?

A

Galena

41
Q

Cleavage occurs in minerals that have specific planes of __

A

Weakness

42
Q

Many minerals lack any cleavage at all and will only show ___

A

fracture

43
Q

____ fracture is smooth and curved like the inside of a ___ shell. This type of fracture was used to make weapons by the native Americans.

A

Conchoidal fracture

44
Q

Earthy fracture is___________________

A

reminiscent of freshly broken soil. It is frequently seen in relatively soft, loosely bound minerals.

45
Q

Give an example of earthly fracture

A

Limonite and Kaolinite

46
Q

Hackly fracture aka Jagged fracture is ____

A

Sharp, Jagged, and uneven.

47
Q

What substances have jagged fracture?

A

Many native metals have hackly frcture such as copper and silver.

48
Q

Uneven fracture is self descriptive. It occurs in a wide range of minerals including:

A

Pyrite and Magentite.

49
Q

Splintery fracture comprises sharp elongated points. It is seen in fibrous minerals such as:

A

Hornblende and Satin Spar Gypsum.

Earth Science H (2 decks)

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