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Rocks > Minerals and Rocks > Flashcards

Minerals and Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

a solid or aggregate of one or more minerals

A

rocks

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2
Q

naturally occurring, inorganic solids with definite chemical composition and crystalline structure

A

minerals

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3
Q

the study of minerals

A

mineralogy

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4
Q

rocks are technically classified into three types

A

igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary

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5
Q

two types of igneous rocks

A

intrusive and extrusive

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6
Q

also known as “plutonic rocks” and is formed from the slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth’s surface

A

intrusive igneous

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7
Q

these rocks develop large crystals; course-grained

A

intrusive igneous

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8
Q

also known as “volcanic rocks” and is formed from the rapid cooling of lava on the Earth’s surface

A

extrusive igneous

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9
Q

these rocks develop little to no crystals; fine-grained; glossy surface

A

extrusive igneous

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10
Q

coarse-grained (very rough), fine-grained (rough), and glassy (smooth)

A

texture

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11
Q

composition of igneous rocks

A

felsic, mafic, intermediate, ultramafic

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12
Q

is high in silica and has a light color

A

felsic

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13
Q

e.g. granite and rhyolite

A

felsic

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14
Q

low in silica and has a dark color

A

mafic

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15
Q

e.g. basalt and gabbro

A

mafic

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16
Q

is between felsic and mafic

A

intermediate

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17
Q

e.g. andesite and diorite

A

intermediate

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18
Q

very low in silica and very high in magnesium and iron

A

ultramafic

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19
Q

e.g. peridotite

A

ultramafic

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20
Q

uses for igneous rock

A

mining because igneous rocks contain precious minerals and metals; can be used for geothermal energy

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21
Q

rocks that are formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments, which are particles derived from the weathering and erosion of existing rocks

A

sedimentary rocks

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22
Q

formation of sedimentary rocks

A

weathering, erosion and transport, deposition, compaction and cementation

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23
Q

breakdown of rocks

A

weathering

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24
Q

the movement of sediments carried out by water, wind, or gravity

A

erosion and transport

25
Q

accumulation of the sediments

A

deposition

26
Q

the sediments are glued together over time

A

compaction and cementation

27
Q

three types of sedimentary rocks

A

clastic, chemical, organic

28
Q

formed from mechanical weathering debris

A

clastic sedimentary

29
Q

e.g. conglomerate, sandstone, and shale

A

clastic sedimentary

30
Q

formed from the precipitation of minerals from water

A

chemical sedimentary

31
Q

e.g. limestone, halite, and gypsum

A

chemical sedimentary

32
Q

formed from the accumulation of organic materials

A

organic sedimentary

33
Q

e.g. coal and chalk

A

organic sedimentary

34
Q

clastic, chemical, and organic

A

texture

35
Q

composition of clastic sedimentary

A

types of minerals and rock particles

36
Q

composition of chemical sedimentary

A

minerals deposited from a solution

37
Q

composition of organic sedimentary

A

living matter

38
Q

uses of sedimentary rock

A

foundation for construction and buildings; source of energy; chemical and industrial uses; agriculture

39
Q

formed when existing rocks are subjected to heat and pressure

A

metamorphic rocks

40
Q

formation of metamorphic rocks

A

heat, pressure, chemically active fluids

41
Q

it raises the temperature of a rock forming crystals without it melting

A

heat

42
Q

applies stress to rocks, leading to equal distribution of minerals

A

pressure

43
Q

alters the composition of rocks promoting growth of new minerals

A

chemically active fluids

44
Q

types of metamorphism

A

contact, regional

45
Q

rocks are heated near magma or lava; covers a small area; results in non-foliated rocks

A

contact metamorphism

46
Q

rocks are pressed by direct pressure; covers a large area; results in foliated rocks

A

regional metamorphism

47
Q

types of metamorphic rocks

A

foliated, non-foliated

48
Q

formed from directed pressure; rocks form visible layers

A

foliated

49
Q

e.g. slate, schist, and gneiss

A

foliated

50
Q

formed from uniform pressure; rocks do not form layers

A

non-foliated

51
Q

e.g. marble, quartzite, and anthracite

A

non-foliated

52
Q

foliated and non-foliated

A

texture

53
Q

determined by its mineral content

A

composition

54
Q

uses of metamorphic rocks

A

construction and building materials; industrial applications; can be used as an energy resource; material for sculpting; used in chemical and industrial applications

55
Q

explains the alteration of rocks over time through geological processes and explains the cycle of igneous to metamorphic and vice versa

A

the rock cycle

56
Q

from igneous to sedimentary

A

igneous rocks undergo weathering and erosion where they are broken down into smaller particles. these particles get transported into an environment by wind, water, gravity. over time, the particles start to settle leading to compaction and cementation

57
Q

from sedimentary to metamorphic

A

sedimentary rocks are buried far below the earth’s crust where the temperature is high. this subjects the rocks to pressure and heat up, causing them to recrystallize

58
Q

from metamorphic to igneous

A

metamorphic rocks melt (magma) and cool down eventually over time

Rocks (1 decks)

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