minerals and rocks Flashcards
they support all living things physically
environmental importance
source of soil, upon which most plants grow
environmental importance
sources of metals and elements we need to produce our daily necessities
environmental importance
used as materials for buildings and man-made structures
environmental importance
how to geologists use rocks?
they use it as evidence to learn about what the Earth was like in the past
how to scientists use rocks?
build a historic record of the planet and to learn what events occurred
naturally occuring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and ordered internal structures
minerals
minerals should exist naturally
naturally occurring
minerals are limited to substances formed through inorganic process and exculde mineral form living organisms involved organic process
inorganic
is coal a mineral?
no
are minerals solids, liquids or gases?
liquids
definite chemical composition
chemical composition should express the exact chemical formula w/ elements and compounds in specific ratios
atoms in minerals are organized in a regular, repetitive geometric pattern
ordered internal structure
reason why volcanic glass is not a mineral?
amorphous and no form
lacking definite shape or formless
amorphous
composed of silicon oxygen
silicates
examples of silicates
olivine and quartz
consists of metal cations bonded to oxygen anions
oxides
examples of oxide minerals
magnetite and hematite
made up of sulfur combined with another mineral, usually a metal
sulfides
examples of sulfides
galena and cinnabar
made of compounds with sulfur combined with metal and oxygen
sulfates
examples of sulfates
barite
from the halogen elements like chlorine bromine
halides
soft and easily dissolved in water
halides
NaCl
halide
group of minerals made of carbon, oxygen, and a metallic element
carbonate
calcium carbonate or calcite
carbonate
term used for substances that do not fight into the 8 classes
mineraloid
