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BioChem for MedTech > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

A

Iodine

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2
Q

Activator of an antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidases

A

Selenium

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3
Q

Involved in synthesis of thyroid hormones

A

Selenium

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4
Q

Enzyme activator involved in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and antioxidative functions

A

Manganese

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5
Q

Stored primarily in the bones, but can also be stored in the liver and kidneys

A

Manganese

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6
Q

Involved in the electron transport chain

A

Copper

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7
Q

Involved in anti-oxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase

A

Copper

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8
Q

Carrier of copper in blood

A

Ceruloplasmin

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9
Q

Necessary for most enzyme functions that are involved in transcription

A

Zinc

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10
Q

Key factor in prostate gland function and reproductive organ growth

A

Zinc

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11
Q

Regulates apoptosis

A

Zin

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12
Q

The major zinc homeostasis of the organ

A

Intestine

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13
Q

Constitutes oxygen-binding metalloproteins of muscle tissues (myoglobin) and blood (hemoglobin)

A

Iron

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14
Q

Constitutes enzymes such as cytochrome and catalase

A

Iron

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15
Q

The human body conserves iron by recycling?

A

Heme proteins

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16
Q

In cases of excessive iron loss such as bleeding, what should be needed?

A

Dietary corrections

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17
Q

Iron can be stored in the body in the form of?

A

Ferritin and Hemosiderin

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18
Q

The transport protein of iron

A

Transferrin

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19
Q

Interacts with phosphate in the formation of DNA and RNA

A

Magnesium

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20
Q

Activator of enzymes that catalyzes ATP synthesis, and DNA synthesis

A

Magnesium

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21
Q

Regulated by the kidneys via reabsorption in cases of deficiency and excretion in cases of excess

A

Magnesium

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22
Q

Regulates blood volume and blood pressure

A

Sodium

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23
Q

Regulates osmotic equilibrium

A

Sodium

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24
Q

Involved in acid-base homeostasis

A

Sodium, Chloride, Potassium

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25
Q

In exchange with potassium, this hormone promotes reabsorption of sodium along with chloride in cases of deficiency

A

Aldosterone

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26
Q

This hormone also promotes sodium retention, since water level is directly proportional with sodium

A

Anti-Diuretic Hormone

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27
Q

Regulation of osmotic pressure

A

Chloride

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28
Q

Regulation of electrolyte balance

A

Chloride

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29
Q

Role in transmitting action potential in neural and muscle tissues

A

Chloride

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30
Q

Excess in chloride usually involves excess in what? which are both passively excreted in the urine

A

Sodium

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31
Q

Constitutes methionine, an essential amino acid

32
Q

Constitutes the B vitamins: Biotin and thiamine

33
Q

Formation of Disulfide Bonds in the protein assembly and structure

34
Q

Constitutes the reduced form of glutathione

35
Q

Well known anti-oxidant

A

Glutathione

36
Q

Propagation of action potential in neural and muscular tissue

37
Q

Involved in fluid and electrolyte balance

38
Q

Involved in glucose and Insulin metabolism

39
Q

Involved in acid-base homeostasis

A

Potassium, Chloride, Sodium

40
Q

Excess potassium is excreted in the urine with the influence of what hormone? by exchanging potassium with sodium

A

Aldosterone

41
Q

Storage of potassium in the liver and muscles is done by?

42
Q

Structural framework of DNA and RNA

A

Phosphorous

43
Q

Transport cell energy in the form of ATP

A

Phosphorous

44
Q

Structural function in the bones in the form of hydroxyapatite

A

Phosphorous and Calcium

45
Q

Functions as an electrolyte

A

Phosphorous, Calcium

46
Q

Structural component of cell membranes

A

Phosphorous

47
Q

Phosphorous is regulated by what hormone? by lowering blood concentration, increasing renal excretion

A

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

48
Q

These also lower blood concentration via bone reabsorption

A

Growth Hormone and vitamin D

49
Q

Increases blood concentration via bone resorption

A

Calcitonin

50
Q

Essential for muscle contraction, particularly in myocardial contraction

51
Q

Structural function in the bones in the form of hydroxyapatite

A

Calcium and Phosphorous

52
Q

Functions as an electrolyte

A

Calcium, Phosphorous

53
Q

Involved in blood coagulation

54
Q

Supports the synthesis and function of blood cells

55
Q

Calcium is regulated by?

A

Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D.

56
Q

It decreases blood CA2+ via bone resorption

A

Calcitonin

57
Q

Decreases blood CA2+ via bone reabsorption

A

PTH and vitamin D

58
Q

Inorganic substances that are needed in small amounts, compared to vitamins, which are also obtained via dietary intake

59
Q

Needed in large quantities.

A

Major Minerals

60
Q

30 grams to 1.2 kilograms

A

Major Minerals

61
Q

Major minerals is subdivided into?

A

Metal and non-metal

62
Q

Required in minute amounts

A

Trace Minerals

63
Q

0.02 grams to 2.6 grams

A

Trace Minerals

64
Q

App 1.2 kilograms

65
Q

App 650 grams

A

Phosphorous

66
Q

App 230 grams

67
Q

App 160 grams

68
Q

App 100 grams

A

Chloride and Sodium

69
Q

App 100 grams

A

Chloride and Sodium

70
Q

App 30 grams

71
Q

App 2.6 grams

72
Q

App 2.2 grams

73
Q

App 100 milligrams

74
Q

App 20 milligrams

A

Manganese and Iodine, Selenium

75
Q

App 20 milligrams

A

Iodine and Manganese, Selenium

76
Q

App 20 milligrams

A

Selenium, Iodine, Manganese

BioChem for MedTech (3 decks)

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