Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

yeah rocks > minerals > Flashcards

minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Mineraloids

A

NO CRYSTAL STRUCTURE - AMORPHOUS

can be man-made (synthetic diamonds) or natural (coal, oil etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Minerals structure

A

CRYSTAL structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

crystal shape reflects

A

arrangement of atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

75% of earths crust comprise

A

oxygen and silicon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 bonding types in minerals

A

ionic, covalent, metallic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

anion

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cation

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

coordination number

A

number of anions around each cation in a crystal lattice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

unit cell

A

smallest arrangement of atoms which may be repeated regularly in 3d to form the crystal lattice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

mineral growth

A
  • start as a seed
  • grow out from centre
  • outside new inside old
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IGNEOUS Minerals

A
  • high temperature, melting
  • free environement
  • moderate to hard minerals
  • good crystal shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

METAMORPHIC Minerals

A
  • moderate-high temp
  • no melting
  • low-high pressure
  • moderate to hard minerals
  • poor crystal shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GEOTHERMAL Minerals

A
  • moderate temp
  • low pressure
  • soft, hydrous minerals
  • good crystal shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WEATHERING Minerals

A
  • low pressure and temp (Earth’s surface)

- minerals are soft, hydrous and have good crystal shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clays, low temp oxides and evaporates are formed through…

A

weathering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sulphides, gold, silver are formed how?

A

geothermal formed

17
Q

hardness

A

resistance to abrasion and strength of atomic bonds

18
Q

cleavage

A

tendency to split along plane ( weak bonds)

19
Q

how does mineral break when lacking weak planes

20
Q

specific gravity

21
Q

what controls colour

A

small variation in composition

22
Q

streak

A

colour of powdered mineral, more diagnostic than colour

23
Q

silicate minerals make up ____ of the earths crust

24
Q

structure of silicate

A

tetrahedral

25
Q

5 silicate structural groups, in increasing complexity / increased cooling time / decreased cooling temp

A
  1. isolated tetrahedral - dense
  2. single chain structure - pyroxene minerals
  3. double chain - amphibole minerals
  4. sheet structure - clays, micas
  5. framework - shares all 4 oxygens, eg quarts
26
Q

ferromagnesian minerals: contain, colour, weight

A

Fe, Mg
dark colour
dense

27
Q

non-ferromagnesian minerals: contain, colour, weight

A

light colour, less dense

28
Q

main features of carbonates

A
  • low density
  • light colour
  • form through ppt.
  • major component of cement
29
Q

most abundant non-silicate group

30
Q

what is calcite?

A

most common carbonate. found in bones and shells

31
Q

SULPHIDES

A
  • sulphide anion (s2-) bonded to metal
  • look metallic
  • ppt. from geothermal waters
32
Q

sulphates from through…

A

evaporation

33
Q

hailde features

A
  • soft
  • transparent
  • low density
  • good cleavage
  • bright colours
    Eg table salt

yeah rocks (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions