Minerals

Question 1

Calcium

RDI is 1200mg

Answer 1

Key component of bones and teeth
Required for normal cardiac function
Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin

Uses: osteoporosis, rickets, antacid, used as phosphate binders in renal failure, reduces symptoms of PMS

Question 2

Deficiency of Calcium leads to…

Answer 2

Symptoms: convulsions, behavior and personality disorders, growth retardation, bone deformities

Causes: malabsorption syndromes, hypoparathyroidism, long term use of anticonvulsants, vitamin D def.

Question 3

Food sources from calcium….

Answer 3

Dairy products, green leafy veggies, salmon and sardines

Question 4

Calcium products

Answer 4

Must be soluble and ionized for absorption.

• Acidic pH increases solubility
• Vitamin D also necessary

Insoluble salts should be taken with food. These offer benefit for patients with achlorhydia.

Question 5

Iron

Answer 5

Oxygen carrier in hemoglobin and myoglobin

Formation of red blood cells

Question 6

Iron Deficiency

Answer 6

Most common form of anemia in the U.S.

Early symptoms are vague.
Additional symptoms include split spoon shaped nails, dyspnea, cold or numbness of extremities, sore tongue.

Question 7

Iron Sources

Answer 7

Heme

• Animal foods that originally contained hemoglobin
• Red meats, fish, poultry,

Nonheme

• Derived from plant foods
• Lentils, beans
• This is added to iron enriched and iron fortified foods.

Question 8

Calcium carbonate (must be taken with food) and Calcium Citrate (for elderly) for elemental %:

Answer 8

40 and 20% of elemental calcium.

Question 9

Calcium Drug interactions:

Drug levels decrease

Answer 9

Digoxin

Flouroquinolones and tetracyclines - have to separate by 2 hours before of 6 hours after the antibiotic

Levothyroxine - separate by 4 hours. Take with empty stomach.

Question 10

Iron products:

Answer 10

All ferrous salts are absorbed equally:

Sulfate: 20% elemental

325mg,, so 60 mg of elemental iron

Question 11

Ascorbic acid enhances absorption of iron

Answer 11

C 200mg : elemental iron 30mg

Question 12

Iron toxicity symptoms:

Answer 12

pain, vomiting, shock, cardio collapse.

Accidental poisoning = life threatening.

In blister packs now.

Question 13

When women on their period:

Answer 13

Take ferrous sulfate 325mg daily. Take an iron supplement. Losing blood aka losing iron.Thats why you are tired.

Take stool softener as well.

Question 14

Magnesium:

Supplementation in cardiac patients

Answer 14

Required for bone structure too
Cardiac contraction
Needed for nerve and muscle conduction

Antacid or laxative.

Contraindication: heart block, kidney failure.

Main side effect is diarrhea.

Question 15

Magnesium Def:

Answer 15

Nausea, muscle weakness, depression. Rare

Usually people with people that cant absorb or alcoholics.

Question 16

Magnesium drug interactions:

Answer 16

Quinolones and tetracyclines - 2 hours before or 6 hours after antibiotic

Levothyroxine - 4 hour separation

Same for calcium, iron and magnesium!!!