Minerals Flashcards
Bome defects, decreased bone length, width of epiphyseal
Mn
Cardiac arrest, anesthesia. And respiratory failure may be symptoms of what mineral toxicity…
Magnesium
Poor intestinal tone
Potassium, remember lack of potassium will cause dilation of vessels and muscle weakness due to greater action potential threshold ..jackass.
During a copper deficiency this mineral is retained in high levels
Fe
This cation mineral makes up the majority of the extra cellular mineral concentrations
Na
This cation is primarily found in intracellular fluid
K
Cannibalsim is associated with this deficiency in mineral
Sodium
Diuretics, hyper adrenal activity, renal failure might cause a deficiency of…
Potassium
This mineral can be used to determine muscle mass
K
Grass tetany caused by low…
Magnesium
Aldosterone helps retain what mineral ?
Na
Discovered by schedule, named by Davy
Chloride
This mineral prevents the action potential
Magnesium
This mineral is involved in cystic fibrosis
Cl
Cretinism
Iodine
This mineral is involved in respiration and bicarbonate transport to tissues.
Cl.
A decrease in this mineral could cause poor cardiac function, increased blood pressure, and respiratory weakness
Potassium
This mineral was isolated by Davy or named by him
Sodium
Potassium
These three minerals play a role in acid production in the stomach.
Na,k,cl
These three minerals make up EB equation
Na,k,cl
Thick lips, large tongue, bulging bellie
Iodine
UAB is made up of…
Na,k,mg,ca, cl,s,p
This cation electrolyte when added to feed depresses growth in high levels compared to another cation.
k
Sugars, amino acids, and vitamin B are transported through intestine with this mineral
Sodium
This mineral exacerbates lysine argentine interaction.
Cl
Adding this mineral prevents argenine catabolism
K
This mineral is a component of chlorophyll
Magnesium
Watery stool, constant drinking, and weight loss might suggest a toxicity of what mineral….
Sodium
This mineral is absorbed faster in the inorganic form than organic form
Iodine
Hyperemia/vasodilation, calcification of soft tissues, tetany , convolsions are caused by”….
Magnesium
Ca and P are antagonistic on this mineral
Magnesium
May be involved in methylation of histones
Arsenic
Decreased : growth, water consumption, cardiac output, and blood pressure are from what mineral deficiency?
Sodium
This mineral will be isotonic in the feces
K
Increased t suppresses in a deficiency of this mineral
Zn
In the kidneys, blank is retained and K is excreted
Na
Sweat can account for 25% of this minerals excretion
Magnesium
This mineral is high in forage
K
These five minerals are referred to as electrolytes
Sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, calcium
Involved in carb,fat,protein metabolism as a cofactors intracellularly
Magnesium.
Mineral involved in increasing fat mobilization
Iodine
Increased fat levels may prevent this mineral(s) absorption.
Ca, mg
This mineral is absorbed primarily in the rumen
Magnesium.
This mineral can be found in bile
Iodine
Decreased plasma fluid volume is associated with this mineral deficiency
Sodium
Per oxidase acts on this mineral
Iodine
This mineral may enhance marbling score
Magnesium
Component of thyroxine
Iodine
This mineral is added to salt
Sodium, chloride, iodine
May alter fat in blood
Cr
During a nerve impulse, what moves in causing depolarization? What moves out for repolarization?
Na, K
DCAD is made up of …
Na, k, cl, s
This mineral is found in saliva and thyroid
Iodine
Edema and poor feathering might be caused by what toxicity ?
Salt, Na cl
May alter lipid metabolism
Cr
Enhance reproduction, may be involved in forming sex hormones
Zn
Increased cholesterol synthesis when deficient in this mineral
Cr
This mineral can increase water excretion not considering sodium.
Magnesium.
Lack of sensing ability
Mn
A deficiency causes decreased egg production
Iodine
Thiourea and sulfonamide decrease oxidation of this mineral
Iodine
Needed for mucopolysaccardies
Mn
This mineral is neede for ATP configuration
Magnesium.
Adding or removing these minerals prevents milk fever
Remove Na,k
Add cl, of s
Foot rot may be caused by
Iodine
This deficiency of this mineral may cause softening of the bone
Na
RBcs hemolysis
Se
This may cause autoimmune thyroidosis
Iodine
Olfactory disorder
Zn
Used as a digestibility market
Cr
Can be transported by transferrin
Cr
Gustin… Saliva
Zn
Still births and hair loss
Iodine
Increased uptake during an iron deficiency
Cr
Myxedema, yellow skin
Iodine
Toxicity of this mineral can cause dermatitis, and respiratory irritation
Cr
This mineral is involved in energy metabolism
Iodide
Present in carbonic anhydrase
Zn
Zn, cu, mn compete for binding sites with this mineral
Fe
Retained yolk sac caused by
Iodine
Levels of this mineral increase in plasma in response to glucose
Cr
Increases catabolism and anabolism of proteins
Iodine
Calcium antagonizes this mineral
Zn
Hair loss, thickening of skin
Iodine
Improvement in. Immune function
Cr
Jaundice, as cites,
Arsenic
May improve glucose tolerance
Chromium
This mineral is in pancreatic secretions
Zn….insulin
May bind to metallothuenin
Zn, cu
An increase in histidine increases thus minerals absorption.
Cr
Amino acids complex this mineral
Zn
Decreased hatchability is associated with this mineral deficiency
Iodine
Prevents para keratosis
Zn
This mineral is found on thyroglobulin
Iodine
Lack of myelination
Cu
RNA DNA ratio reduced
Zn
Can bind to RBcs and remain retained for duration of RBcs
Cr
Grayish blue solid , violet purple gas
Iodide
Found in sponges to prevent goiter
Iodine
This deficiency causes decreased hatchability
Iodine
Similiar to sulfur and can replace sulfur
Se
Hypersensitivity to nitrogen when deficient
Zn
Can cause pyrosis and chondrodystrophy
Mn
Goiter from this deficiency
Iodine
Component of hemoglobin.
Fe
In semen/sperm
Zn
Component of cytochromes and flavoproteins
Iron
Reduced egg production
Cu
May improve reproduction
Cr
Effects thymus and immune system
Zn
Sugars may enhance this minerals uptake
Fe
In the intestine, hydrogen may be transferred for this minerals entry into the epithelial cell
Sodium.
Too high of these minerals may cause retained placenta, and displaced abomasum
Na, k
These two minerals are needed for hemoglobin synthesis
Fe, cu
Component off several enzymes
Zn
Parrot beak- dystrophy
Mn
May enhance fat mobilization / lipase activity
Cu
An excess of this mineral is stored as ferritin in the mucosal
Fe
Released during blood coagulation
Zn
Mineral in RBcs and used to prevent anemia
Iron
Metallothuenin
Cu
May chelate with phytase
Zn
Nervousness , and heme concentration increases could be caused by a deficiency of..
Na, or Cl
Ceruloplamsin contains this mineral
Fe
Lysine accumulates in cell because of this minerals deficiency
K
Amino acids, lysine and histidine improve this minerals uptake
Fe
Phosphates, oxalates, and phytase decrease this minerals absorption
Fe
Membrane in eye
Zn
This mineral is stored in liver, bone marrow, spleen
Fe
Blood meal or poultry meal contains high levels of this mineral
Fe
May increase healing time, hence better immune response
Zn
Phosphovitin transports this mineral to the egg yolk
Fe
Adrenal hypertrophy, creating a hyper secretion of aldosterone could be caused by what mineral deficiency?
Sodium
Sore mouth and tongue cause by deficiency of
Fe
Limb stiffness
Mn
Ceruloplasmin contains
Cu
Placental necrosis
Cu
A decrease in this mineral may decrease PVC
Fe
May act as a growth promotant
Cu
Decrease saturated fat and increase unsaturated
Cu
Zinc can reduce toxic effects of this mineral
Cu
Gossypol
Fe
Makes up glucose tolerance factor
Chromium
Lead toxicity occurs during this mineral deficiency
Fe
These minerals can cause phytotoxicity
P,zn
The bursa may contain these two minerals
Zn, fe
High levels of zn,mn. Reduce this minerals absorption.
Fe
Copper may be a proton donor in the conversion of this mineral
Iron
Late sexual maturity
Mn
Zn, mn, co, ni, cr, increase absorption when their is a deficiency of this mineral
Fe
These 4 minerals may be critical for bone mineralization
Fe. Mn co, I
Cytochrome oxidase
Cu
Forms absorbable complexes with amino acids
Cu
ThiN shelled, shell less eggs
Mn
Glucose mediated active transport
Zinc
Slip tendon
Mn
Increase iron levels cause this minerals deficiency
Cu
Component of insulin
Zn
Needed to activate enzymes
Mn
Salt lick is a deficient In what mineral
Cu
Copper is needed to transport this mineral out of the mucosa
Fe
Liver is main site of metabolism
Cu
Can impair cell mediated immune system
Zn
Reduced ecoli colonization
Zn
Concentrated in nuclear fraction and mito of liver
Mn
Myoglobin
Fe
Involved in RBcs formation
Cu fe
Degeneration of brain stem
Cu
Superoxide dismutase
Cu, mn,
Achromotrichia
Copper
This mineral contains characteristic methyl groups
Arsenic
Degeneration of liver, kidney, brain
Cu
Lysine oxidase
Cu
Dihydroxy– phenylalanine for toxicity
Mn
Ca, p antagonistic on it
Mn
Ascorbic acid may improve this minerals uptake
Fe
Can be found in lysozymes
Cu
Succinct dehydrogenase
Fe
Act as a coccidiostat/antibiotic
Cu
Lack of comb development and retarded skeletal development
Silicon
May accumulate as ferritin or hemosiderin
Iron
Simple diffusion is the means of absorption primarily for this electrolyte
K
Lack of this mineral can cause testicular degeneration
Mn, se
Involved in transport of iron
Cu
Zinc has negative interaction with this minera
Cu fe
Can cross blood brain barrier
Cu
May be in loved in with growth hormone production.
Zn
Tyrosinase/melanin
Cu
Prevents plaque by stopping glycolysis
F
May reduce dust potential
Cu
Component of glutathione per oxidase
Se
Jaundice
Cu
Availability in crops varies among regions
Se
Toxicity causes tooth decay
F
High levels of this mineral decrease zinc toxicity
Cu
Involved in immune response
Cu
Transported to liver by b globulins
Mn
May exacerbate copper and iron deficiency
Ni
Galactose mine, glucosamine, hexuronic acid
Mn
Calcification in inner ear
Mn
Arrested bone reabsorbtion
Ca
Milk fever
Ca
Pinocytotic absorption of this mineral
Mn
Dmt1
Fe
May stimulate growth hormone
Cu
May be an oxidant and interacts with vitamin e
Cu
Excreted through bile
Mn
Required for urease activity
Nickel
At high levels this mineral can be found in skin hair and nails due to its association with sh- groups, in low levels, it can be undetectable
Arsenic
Spontaneous absorption
Vanadium
Pyruvate carboxylase, polymerase, acetyl coa carboxylase, lactose synthase
Mn
Increased mitotic activity
Cu
Protein and energy digestion reduced
Ca
May substitute for oh and bicarb in bone
F
Ataxia
Mn
Found in soft rock before processing
P, f
Albumen transported
Ni
Toxicity causes anemia, interacting with iron
Mn
A treatment for osteoporosis
Ca, f
Interchangeable in enzymes withy mg
Mn
Used as a poison
Arsenic
May control enzymes by inhibiting them
Boron
Not listed as an essential mineral
F
Issues with keratinization
Cu
Keshawn disease
Se
Stimulates osteoblastic activity
F
May play a role in enzyme reactions, replacing P, or reacting with sulfa hydrol groups
Arsenic
Neurological disturbance, like parkensins
Mn
Components of bone
Ca, p, mg, Na, f
Increased absorption in lactose, mannose, inositol presence
Ca
Shortening and thickening of bones
Zn
May be lost in sweat/bile
Ni
Was used as a “cure” for various diseases and illnesses such as: syphilis, malaria, tb, diabetes
Arsenic
Decrease hatchability
Mn
Stabilizes and strengthens bone
F
Might prevent leg issues from vitamin d deficiency
Boron
Banned as a food preservative
Boron
Toxicity reported in frogs, guinea pigs, pigeons
Vanadium
Needed for enzyme activity in anaerobic microbes
Nickel
Hematopoietic depression
Arsenic
May see skin issues, hair loss
Arsenic
Can be transported by transferrin
Mn
May act as a growth promotant
Zn
Toxicity causes bone deformities
F
Transmanganin
Mn
Portal cirrhosis
Arsenic
PTH increases reabsorbtion in kidney of these two minerals
Ca, mg
Decreases bone solubility
F
Toxicity destroys enamel
F
Galactotransferase
Mn
Involved in redox enzymes
Nickel
Loss of teeth
F, p
Encephalomalacia
Se
Toxic levels of this mineral increase cardiac output and might induce a heart attack.
Potassium
May decrease cholesterol
Cr
Deficiency looks similiar to a.a deficiency
Zn
Toxicity reported in Iceland
F
Effects membrane stability
Boron
Connective tissue contains most of this mineral
Silicon
Insulin mimicking mineral
Vanadium
Less toxic than selenium
Arsenic
Irregular estrus
Mn
Large amounts of this mineral are found in bile and pancreatic juices
Magnesium
Avimanganin
Mn
Deficiency alters bone and connective tissue development
Silicon
May effect methiOne metabolism
Arsenic
Absorption from iron deficiency
Ni
Depress reproduction and glucose levels
Ni
Toxic levels may reduce antioxidant enzymes
Silicon
Giving zn or cadmium may reduce toxic effects of this mineral
Cu
Prevents coast disease/waste disease
Cobalt
Component of plant an animal tissue
Mn
Cross linking agent in connective tissue
Silicon
Histidine involvement (2)
Cr, fe
Probably transported with methionine
Se
Component of cobalamin / b12
Cobalt
Can complex with calcium and not be absorbed
Ca/p
Prevents liver necrosis from vit e deficiency
Se
Antiatheroma effect
Silicon
Thyroid and adrenal glands have higher levels of this mineral
Ni
Green tongue
Vanadium
Mucosal block theory states this mineral is saturated in intestine, absorption stops.
Fe
Lacks stable isotopes for metabolism studies
Boron
Lipotropic action.. Reduce liver and bone fat
Mn
Bursa may have increased levels of this mineral
Cu
Can be found in plants, beer, wine, nuts, legumes
Boron
Alkali disease / blind staggers
Se
Deformities of long bones
Ca
Vit. B 12 may be needed for biological role of this mineral
Ni
Transported in blood by alpha and beta globulins
Se
Basic amino acids increase absorption
Ca
Toxicity causes polycythemia ( increase RBcs)
Cobalt
Inhibits atpases, contaminant of ATP
Vanadium
Interacts and is effected by vitamin e
Se
Thromboplastin release
Ca
Phytase prevents this minerals absorption.
Ca
Can cause garlic breath
Se
Treatment of milk fever
Ca, mg
Can complex with feO in acidic soils
Se
Testicular degeneration
Mn, se
Pepsin
P
More available in reduced state
Se
Androgens, estrogen
Ca
Exudative diathesis, destruction of cell wall, oxidant ants , leaking
Se
Limestone
Ca, p
Xanthine oxidase
P
Nitrogen digestibility reduced
Se
Downer sow syndrome
Ca
Complexes with mg and becomes unabsorbable
Se
Aids in retention and spares vitamin e
Selenium
Component of certain cytochromes
Se
Acidic amino acids decrease absorption
Ca
More of this mineral is needed when fed high pufa or iron
Fe
Found in bile (4)
Mg, I, mn, ni
Used as a food preservative
Boron
Discovered by Davy, Berzelius, and pontin
Ca
Selenocysteine/methiOne contain this mineral
Se
Renal calculi
Silicon
High ingestion caused death
Se
May induce expression of heat shock proteins
Arsenic
Lab glassware contains this mineral
Boron
Resorption of fetus
Se
May volatilize a low temp than used for ash determination
Boron
Aortic rupture caused by this mineral
Cu
5th most abundant mineral
Ca
Purified from urine
P
Biosynthesis of ubiquinone/coq
Se
Rickets, osteomalacia
Ca,p
Hyper secretion of calcitonin
Ca
Hump back syndrome,e
Ca
Muscle spasms
Ca
Suggestion as a carcinogen and anti cancer
Se
Urinary calculi
P
Antioxidant
Se
Degeneration of pancreas and enzymes, reducing fat absorption
Se
Osteoporosis
P, ca
Kidney stones
Ca
Prevention of foot rot
Selenium
Interacts with antibiotics
Ca
High protein products contain more of this mineral
Se
Can be solibolized in hcl
P
Blood urea and ammonia concentration change
Zn
Can be found in soil
Se
Fat decreases this minerals absorption
Ca
Muscular dystrophy
Se
Loss of crimp in wool/ poor feathering
Zn
May effect brain electrical impulses
Boron
Low doses of arsenic prevent this minerals toxicity
Se
May bind with picolinate or citric acid
Zn
Located in phytin, removed through phytase
P
Methylated and excreted in urine
Se
Regulated by law
Se
Uptake unaffected by sucrose fructose, glucose
Ca
Binds to mercury
Se
PTH increases excretion of these minerals
P, Na. K
High concentration in bones, nails, teeth
Boron
Decrease serum creatine
Boron
Thyroxine decreases
Ca
Calcitonin effects these three minerals
Ca, p, Na
Glucocorticoids decrease this minerals level
Ca
Egg shell
Ca
PTH controls
P, ca
Extra cellular… Intracellular..
Ca, p
Decreased chemo taxis in neutrophils
Zn
Deficiency increases serum triglycerides
Born
Minerals complexed by phytate
Ca, p, zn, cu, co, mn ,mg,
4th most abundant
Fe
Brewers yeast, better absorbed in organic form
Cr
Decreased rumen bacteria
Magnesium
6th most abundant
Na
7th most abundant
K
Clot formation
Ca
Increasing Na excretion increases this minerals excretion
Ca
Make up macro minerals
Na, k , cl, p, ca, mg
Micro minerals
Cu,fe,zn,mn,se,cr,I,f,si
Reduces serum lipoprotein in a deficiency
Zn
May modify trans membrane signals
Boron
Lack of incisor pigmentation
Boron
Can detoxify heavy metal toxicity
Se
Mat stimulate PTH secretion
Mg
Glaciers caused high levels
Se
Increased absorption during an iron deficiency (4)
Cr, ni, mn, cu
Clouding of cornea, respiratory failure
Se
Lost in sweat
Mg, Ni
Testicular degeneration ((2)
Mn, se
Egg production (2)
I, cu
New tissue formed during this deficiency lacks tensile strength
Zn
Hatchability
Mn, I
Increasing peptide increases this minerals absorption.
Ca
Asperemia
Boron
Jaundice. (2)
Arsenic, copper
Interacts with iron binding sites (3)
Zn, cu, mn
Nearly 100% of this mineral is absorbed in the intestine
Sodium
Involved in reproduction in some manner
Zn, se, cr, cu, mn
Leaching into potable water table when misused
Se
Excessive salivation
F
Toxicity seen in factory workers
Mn
This cyanate ions prevent this minerals uptake
Iodine
Transferrin carry (2)
Cr, mn
This mineral is thought to have healing properties
Magnesium
Decrease calcitonin in a deficiency
Boron
Anorexia
Zn
Decreases blood glucose in deficiency
Boron
May be a neuro toxic compound
Vanadium
Reduction in lipase and trypsin
Se
Can’t be measured on atomic absorbance
Cl
For mic dehydrogenase
Se
Reduces post weaning diarrhea
Zn
Glycine reductase
Se
GPx requires these two minerals to function
Cu, se
In gas form is respiratory irritant
Cl
3 minerals absorbed based only needs of animal
Ca, zn, fe
Impaired ovarian development
Boron
Decomposes violently in water
Na
In a deficiency, protein and energy utilization is reduced
Na
Can cause anemia
Boron
Depressed by silicon in a.a.
Mn
3 minerals cause resorption of fetus
Mn, se, vanadium
Involved In glycolysis, cac, PPP,
Mg
Improves glucose absorbance
I
Required for proper heart function
Na, k ,cl
In trivalent form , this mineral is nearly unabsorbable
Fe
Involved in lipid metabolism
Mg
Lethargy
I
Metallothuenin synthesizes is induced by tHis mineral
Zn
Beneficial effects may be seen in diabetics from this mineral
Cr
Hypo chromic
Fe
Carcinogenic
Chromium
Paralysis and coma
F
Lung cancer, respiratory irritant
Cr
Involved in protein metabolism
Mg
Ulcers in rumen and abomasum in toxic levels
Cr
Scanty hair
Boron
Weakness and stiffness
f
Colonic convulsions
F
Decreased alkaline phosphotase
Boron
Decrease bold urea nitrogen
Boron
Cardiac failure
F
In high levels can be found in skin hair and nails
Arsenic
Deficiency causes fragile bones
Cu
Influence extra cellular and intracellular calcium release
Boron
Loss of deep tendon reflex in toxic
Mg
May regulate gene expression
Arsenic
Prevent death of liver cells in rats
Se
Enlargement of hocks
Zn
Cartilage issues
Cu, si
Toxicity causes skin issues
Arsenic
Fructose increases this minerals absorption
Fe
Secreted from pancreas each time animal eats
Zn
Hyperemia(dilation of blood vessels), ears turn red
Mg
Dwarfs ism
Zn
Epsom salts
Mg
Slow development of secondary sex characteristics
Zn/mn
Oxalis acid forms precipitate with this mineral
Ca
This mineral may be transported with sodium
P
Involved In activity of atpases
Ca
Not affected greatly by fiber to phytate
Cu
Toxicity can cause liver and kidney damage
Cr
Changes in cartilage (2)
Silicon and zinc(deficiency)
Lysine oxidase involved in cartilage and matrix formatij, in a deficiency this can’t happen
Cu
Calcification of soft tissue in deficiency
Mg
May concentrate in kidney, liver, testes, bone
Vanadium
Alcohol can cause a deficient of the mineral
Mg
Incisor malformation in deficiency
Se
Dental caries
Se
Sway back
Cu
Deficiency causes convulsions and tremors
Mg
Ulceration of nasal septum in toxicity
Cr
Cartilage defects
Si, mn
Diarrhea in toxicity
Mg
Intracellular ion,
Mg
Neurological issues
Cu
Deficiency causes increase body fat
I
Activity of choline esterase
Ca
