Minerals

Question 1

Minerals form when salt wate evaporates or when chemicals come out of hot f uids. Others are made wher hot gases or molten rock cool or when heat or pressure change pre-existing minerals

Answer 1

How minerals are formed

Question 2

Minerals are formed over a period of millions of years in the earth’s crust.

They play a vital role in the lives of all the living being here on planet Earth

Minerals are gathered from the Earth’s crust in forms

Answer 2

How minerals are formed

Question 3

a mineral or combination of minerals from which a useful substance, such as a metal, can be extracted and used to manufacture a useful product

Answer 3

Ore

Question 4

THREE MAJOR CONCENTRIC ZONES OF THE EARTH

Answer 4

Crust, Mantle, Core

Question 5

mostly solid rock

• Including the asthenosphere: hot, partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed like plastic

Answer 5

Mantle

Question 6

inner part surrounded by a liquid core

Answer 6

Core

Question 7

move large volumes of rock and heat in loops within the mantle like gigantic conveyer belts

Answer 7

Convection cells

Question 8

dozen or so huge rigid plates move extremely slowly atop the denser mantle on hot, soft rock in the underlying asthenosphere

Answer 8

Tectonic plate

Question 9

continental and oceanic crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle

Answer 9

Lithosphere

Question 10

Three types of boundaries between plates

Answer 10

Divergent, convergent, transform plate

Question 11

plates move apart

Answer 11

Divergent

Question 12

oceanic plate collides with a continental plate

Answer 12

Convergent

Question 13

where plates slide and grind past one another along a fracture. Most located on the ocean floor

Answer 13

Transform fault

Question 14

•Generated by heat from the earth’s interior,generally build up the earth’s surface in the form of he form of continental and oceanic crust including mountains and volcanoes

Answer 14

Internal geologic process

Question 15

driven directly or indirectly by energy from the sun (mostly in the form of flowing water and wind)

•Physical, Chemical, and Biological: soil

Answer 15

External geologic process/weathering

Question 16

driven directly or indirectly by energy from the sun (mostly in the form of flowing water and wind)

•Physical, Chemical, and Biological: soil

Answer 16

External geologic process/weathering

Question 17

•Contains elements that are metallic.

•Generally obtained from Igneous Rocks

• Obtained by melting process

• Malleable

Answer 17

Mettalic mineral

Question 18

• Do not contain metals in their chemical composition.

• Generally obtained from sedimentary rocks

• These minerals do not yield any new product from melting.

•Non-malleable.

Answer 18

Non-Metellic mineral

Question 19

THE PRIMARY WAY TO REMOVE MINERAL RESOURCE FROM THE EARTH’S CRUST

Answer 19

Mining

Question 20

MINERAL RESOURCES CAN BE EXTRACTED FROM EARTH’S CRUST AND PROCESSED INTO RAW MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS AT AN AFFORDABLE COST

Answer 20

Mining

Question 21

Shallow deposits removed

Answer 21

Surface mining

Question 22

removed first

Answer 22

Overburden

Question 23

waste material

Answer 23

Spoils

Question 24

Deep deposits removed

Answer 24

Subsurface mining

Question 25

Also known as opencast mining

• Machines dig holes and remove ores, sand, gravel, and stone.

• Toxic groundwater can accumulate at the bottom

Answer 25

Open-pit mining

Question 26

Earth movers strips away overburden, and giant shovels removes mineral deposit.

Often leaves highly erodible hills of rubble called spoil banks.

Answer 26

Area strip mining

Question 27

Used on hilly or mountainous terrain.

Unless the land is restored, a wall of dirt is left in front of a highly erodible bank called a highwall.

Answer 27

Contour strip mining

Question 28

Machinery removes the tops of mountains to expose coal.

The resulting waste rock and dirt are dumped into the streams and valleys below.

Answer 28

Mountain top removal

Question 29

the process of removing rock, sand, gravel or other minerals from the ground to use them to produce materials for construction or other uses

Answer 29

Quarry mining

Question 30

The process of removing accumulated sediment from the bottom or banks of bodies of water, including rivers, lakes or streams. Dredges are specialized pieces of equipment that create a vacuum to suck up and pump out the unwanted sediment and debris

Answer 30

Dredge mining

Question 31

•used to extract ore from below the surface of the earth safely, economically and with as little waste as possible.

Answer 31

Underground mining