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8th grade science > minerals > Flashcards

minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

5 characteristics of minerals

A

occur naturally, form from an inorganic process, solid, crystalline structure, definite chemical composition

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2
Q

properties of a mineral

A

internal atomic structure, color, streak, luster, hardness, breakage, density, crystalline structure

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3
Q

internal atomic structure def?

A

determines its properties

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4
Q

color def?

A

the minerals color

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5
Q

streak def?

A

the color of the minerals powder when rubbed on a streak plate

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6
Q

luster def?

A

the way the mineral shines/reflects light

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7
Q

hardness def?

A

how easily a mineral is scratched

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8
Q

breakage def?

A

how it breaks (cleavage or fracture).

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9
Q

density def?

A

(specific gravity) how tightly packed the particles of a mineral are for a given volume compared to water

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10
Q

crystalline structure def?

A

the atoms line up in a repeating pattern, flat sides called faces meet at sharp edges and corners.

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11
Q

what is the softest mineral?

A

talc

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12
Q

what mineral is the hardest?

A

diamond

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13
Q

how do we calculate density?

A

mass/volume

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14
Q

why is color not a reliable mineral property for identifying minerals?

A

because certain minerals can be different colors, for example, quartz is never the same color

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15
Q

list and describes three ways that minerals form

A

water evaporates leaving minerals behind, they dissolve and crystallize, cooling magma ad lava, organic processes

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16
Q

what causes crystals to be different sizes?

A
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17
Q

what are the different types of rocks?

A

sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous

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18
Q

how do sedimentary rocks form?

A

when rock particles get pressed and cemented together

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19
Q

how do igneous rocks form?

A

by cooling of magma

20
Q

how do metamorphic rocks form?

A

by heat and pressure

21
Q

what is the most common type of rock at the surface?

A

sedimentary

22
Q

what are the three types of sedimentary rocks?

A

clastic, chemical, bioclastic

23
Q

what are clastic sedimentary rocks formed from?

A

weathering, erosion, deposition, burial, compression, compaction, cementation

24
Q

what are chemical sedimentary rocks formed from?

A

dissolved minerals that precipitate

25
Q

what are bioclastic sedimentary rocks formed from?

A

dead plants and animals, made of carbon

26
Q

_________ creates sediment

A

weathering

27
Q

______ moves the sediment to a new location

A

erosion

28
Q

_____ drops the sediment off at that new location

A

deposition

29
Q

_____ the sediment is covered by more sediment

A

burial

30
Q

_____ and ______ squish the sediment

A

compression; compaction

31
Q

______ or ______ glues the sediment together

A

cementation; lithification

32
Q

clastic sedimentary rocks are organized by ______ or particle ______

A
33
Q

what is some evidence of sedimentary rocks?

A

fragments of sediment, fossils and remains of organisms, ripple marks from waves , polymineralic.

34
Q

where do sedimentary rocks form?

A

in or near water

35
Q

how do chemical rocks form?

A

dissolved minerals evaporate

36
Q

what is an example rock for chemical sedimentary?

A

limestone, made up of mineral calcite

37
Q

metamorphic sedimentary rocks are the most ______, they are changed without _______, they are organized by ________.

A

dense, melting, foliated.

38
Q

foliated rocks are formed from from intense _____. we can see _________, _________, or ________.
examples are: ________________

A

pressure; mineral alignment; banding; layers; slate (banding), gneiss (minerals alignment), schist

39
Q

non foliated metamorphic rocks are formed from intense _______ from magma. Does not show ____________, ___________ or ___________ example rocks:___________

A

heat; mineral alignment; banding; layers; marble (formed from limestone), quartzite (formed from sandstone).

40
Q

how do igneous rocks form?

A

melting of rock creates magma and lava. the molten material the crystallizes and solidifies creating igneous rock

41
Q

igneous rocks make up most of the_______

A

earth’s crust

42
Q

igneous rocks are organized by _____________

A

intrusive/extrusive-crystals, holes, glassy

43
Q

intrusive rocks form ______ with in the earth. magma cools_________. This creates __________ crystals which we call _______ grained. example rocks:___________

A

deep; slowly; large; coarse; granite, diorite

44
Q

extrusive rocks form on ___________ of the earth. lava cools __________. this creates_________ crystals which we call ______ grained. some rocks have no crystals which creates a _________ texture. some rocks have holes that are left from gas bubbles in the lava this is called _________ texture. example rocks:__________

A

surface; fast; fine; glassy; vesicular; basalt, obsidian, rhyolite.

45
Q

place the grain sizes in order from largest to smallest (clay, pebble, sand, silt)

A

pebble, sand , silt, clay

46
Q

how does the rock cycle work????

A

sediments decompose and solidify into sedimentary rocks, heat and pressure turns sedimentary into metamorphic, metamorphic rocks melt and turn into magma, magma cools and turns solid into igneous rocks, then weathering and erosion turns igneous rocks back into sediments and the cycle keeps repeating.

8th grade science (1 decks)

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