MINERALS

Question 1

mineral definition

Answer 1

 Naturally occurring
 Defined chemical composition (ions)
 Repeating three-dimensional structure
* Crystal lattice- gives harness
* Covalent bonds
 Inorganic
 Crystalline solid

Question 2

mineral v rock

Answer 2

 Rock- consolidated aggregate of one or more mineral

Question 3

mineraloid

Answer 3

 Does not have repeating 3D crystal structure
 Ex- opal and obsidian

Question 4

• Describe the atomic structure and bonding of common minerals

Answer 4

o Ionic bonds – one ion donates
o Covalent bonds – ions share (stronger)
o Metallic – weak covalent bonds, out electrons freely travel
o Van der Waals- weak polarized atoms

Question 5

native materials

Answer 5

any one element

Question 6

carbonate

Answer 6

ends in CO3
anion CO3

Question 7

HALIDES

Answer 7

anion: halogen; F, Cl, Br
end in F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts

Question 8

sulphates

Answer 8

anion: SO4
end in SO4

Question 9

sulfides

Answer 9

anion S
end in S
has lustre and high density

Question 10

oxides

Answer 10

anion: O

Question 11

• Describe some techniques for identification and the relationship between Physical properties of minerals

Answer 11

 Colour
 Streak
 Lustre
 Harness
 Crystal habit
 Cleavage/ fracture
* Cleavage- specific plane of weakness
* Frature- breakage at random orientation
o Internal crystal structure
o Identification

Question 12

mineral growth requirement

Answer 12

o Fluid (water)
o Heat
o Pressure
o Ph conditions
o Time

Question 13

rock properties

Answer 13

 Dark/ mafic = higher density
 Light – felsic = lower density

Question 14

• Use the properties of silicate minerals to infer how they are distributed among the internal layer of earth

Answer 14

o They are grouped according to how the tetrahedra bond together
 Nesosilicates
* Isolated silicate structure (Anion is SiO4)
 Inosilicates Single chain
* (Anion is SiO3)
* Pyroxene group
o (Mg, Fe, Ca)SiO3
 Sheet silicates
* Silica tetrahedra
 Framework silicates
* 60% of earth crust
* Feldspar group
o Presence of K, Na, Ca