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Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

Minerals represent only __% of body weight

A

4

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2
Q

Definition of Minerals

A

inorganic element that is necessary for the body to build tissues, regulate body fluids, or assist in various body functions

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3
Q

Any abnormal concentrations of minerals can ?

A

Help diagnose different disorders

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4
Q

Do Minerals Provide Energy

A

Not by themselves but they contribute to production of energy within the body

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5
Q

Where are Minerals found ?

A

Water

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6
Q

How is the specific mineral content of food determined?

A

Burning the food and chemically analyzing the remaining ash

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7
Q

Human body contains more _____ than any other mineral

A

Calcium

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8
Q

What percentage of calcium is found in the skeleton ?

A

99%

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9
Q

Which mineral is a component of bones and teeth and is responsible for normal nerve/muscle action, blood clotting, heart function, cell metabolism

A

Calcium

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10
Q

BEST sources of Calcium

A

Milk & milk products

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11
Q

1 cup of milk provides how much calcium ?

A

300 mg of calcium

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12
Q

One ounce of cheddar cheese provides how much calcium ?

A

250 mg of calcium

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13
Q

Vitamin D is believed to enhance absorption of what?

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Bones provide storage for what?

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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15
Q

If calcium intake is low for a period of years what could happen?

A

Osteoporosis

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16
Q

Adequate intake for calcium for Adults

A

1,000 - 1,300mg

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17
Q

Calcium supplements are recommended for patient who is

A

Lactose Intolerant

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18
Q

Together with calcium, this mineral is necessary for strong and rigid bones and teeth

A

Phosphorus

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19
Q

Functions of Phosphorus

A

Metabolism,of carbs fats and proteins, acid-base balance, and helps B vitamins

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20
Q

Sources of Phosphorus

A

Milk, meats, poultry, and fish

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21
Q

Deficiency of Phosphorus

A

bone demineralization, fatigue, and anorexia

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22
Q

Recommended Intake of Phosphorus

A

580 - 700mg

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23
Q

This mineral is an electrolyte found primarily in intracellular fluid

A

Potassium

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24
Q

Functions of potassium

A

maintains fluid level within the cell, osmosis, transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions

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25
Potassium Deficiency
muscle weakness, paralysis, heart abnormalities
26
Recommended Intake Potassium
3,400 Males | 2,600 Females
27
Hyperkalemia
cardiac failure can occur
28
Function of sodium
control of fluid balance (outside of the cell) in the body, nerve transmission and normal muscle function
29
Sources of Sodium
table salt, everyday junk food
30
Deficiency of sodium
dehydration or tetany, upset of acid-base balance
31
Toxicity of sodium
can cause edema, hypertension, and cardiovascular problems
32
What are the 5 main electrolytes
Sodium,Calcium,Magnesium, Potassium and Chloride
33
Function of Chloride
maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, acid base balance, helps blood carry C02 to lungs and immune response
34
Sources of Chloride
table salt
35
Requirements of Chloride
2,300 mg a day
36
Deficiency of Chloride
vomiting, diarrhea, alkalosis
37
Function of Magnesium
essential for the maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance. helps blood carry C02 to lungs, and immune responses
38
Sources of Magnesium
green leafy vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains
39
Deficiency of Magnesium
nausea, emotional and muscular disorders
40
Requirements of Magnesium
400-420 mg daily for men and 310-320 mg for women.
41
Function of Iron
deliver oxygen to body tissues, component of hemoglobin
42
Sources of Iron
Spinach, meat, poultry, and fish
43
For Iron to be absorbed it must be
ferric to ferous iron, HCL from stomach aids in that process
44
Only ___% of iron is absorbed
10%
45
Requirements of Iron
Men 10mg Females 15mg
46
Iron deficiency can lead to ...
Anemia
46
Function of Iodine
component of thryoid hormones , necessary for rate of metabolism
47
Sources of Iodine
iodized salt and seafood
48
Requirements of Iodine
150mg needed , additional for pregnancy
49
Deficiency of Iodine
goiters form on neck, myedema and cretinism
50
myxedema
51
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Function of Zinc
cofactor for more than 300 enzymes, essential for growth, wound healing, taste acuity, glucose tolerance, mobilization of vitamin A
52
Sources of Zinc
meat, fish, eggs, dairy
53
Requirements of Zinc
11g for male 8g for females
54
Deficiency of Zinc
impaired immune, decrease appetite and taste acuity
55
Heaviest concentration of selenium is in the
liver, kidneys, and heart
56
Function of selenium
essential component of various enzymes, antioxidant, immune system, reproduction, metabolism
57
Sources of selenium
seafood, kidney, liver, muscle meats
58
Requirements of selenium
70ug
59
Selenium supplements are good in treating what
Keshan disease
60
Selenium toxicity
1mg or more is toxic and can cause skin lesions, loss of hair and nails
61
Copper's highest concentration is in
Liver,kidneys,muscles, and brain
62
Functions of Copper
participates in energy production, formation of red blood cells, formation of hemoglobin, iron to bone marrow
63
Sources of Copper
organ meats, shellfish,whole grain cereal
64
Requirements of Copper
900mg for adults
65
Deficiency of Copper
anemia, bone demineralization, impaired growth
66
Toxicity of Copper
10-15 mg can cause vomiting and Wilson's disease
67
How can Keshan's disease occur
Deficiency of selenium
68
Function of Manganese
constituent of several enzymes in metabolism and important in bone formation
69
Sources of manganese
whole grains and tea
70
Toxicity of manganese
neurological problems
71
Function of fluoride
strengthens bones and teeth by making the mineral less soluble
72
Sources of fluoride
fluoridated water, fish , tea
73
Deficiency of fluoride
tooth decay
74
Excessive fluoride
mottling of children's teeth or permanent discoloration
75
Requirements of manganese
2.3 mg for men / 1.8 for women
76
Requirements of fluoride
Males 4mg females 3mg
77
Function of chromium
associated with glucose and lipid metabolism
78
Sources of chromium
meat, mushrooms, nuts, organ meats
79
Requirements of chromium
35mg male 25mg women
80
Deficiency of chromium
disturbances in glucose metabolism
81
Function of molybdenum
process proteins and genetic material like DNA, break down drugs and toxic substances that enter the body
82
Sources of molybdenum
milk, liver, legumes, and cereals
83
Requirements of molybdenum
45ug, fulfilled with balanced diet
84
Toxicity of molybdenum
inhibits copper absorption

Nutrition (7 decks)

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