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Nutrition > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals represent only __% of body weight

A

4

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2
Q

Definition of Minerals

A

inorganic element that is necessary for the body to build tissues, regulate body fluids, or assist in various body functions

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3
Q

Any abnormal concentrations of minerals can ?

A

Help diagnose different disorders

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4
Q

Do Minerals Provide Energy

A

Not by themselves but they contribute to production of energy within the body

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5
Q

Where are Minerals found ?

A

Water

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6
Q

How is the specific mineral content of food determined?

A

Burning the food and chemically analyzing the remaining ash

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7
Q

Human body contains more _____ than any other mineral

A

Calcium

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8
Q

What percentage of calcium is found in the skeleton ?

A

99%

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9
Q

Which mineral is a component of bones and teeth and is responsible for normal nerve/muscle action, blood clotting, heart function, cell metabolism

A

Calcium

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10
Q

BEST sources of Calcium

A

Milk & milk products

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11
Q

1 cup of milk provides how much calcium ?

A

300 mg of calcium

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12
Q

One ounce of cheddar cheese provides how much calcium ?

A

250 mg of calcium

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13
Q

Vitamin D is believed to enhance absorption of what?

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Bones provide storage for what?

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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15
Q

If calcium intake is low for a period of years what could happen?

A

Osteoporosis

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16
Q

Adequate intake for calcium for Adults

A

1,000 - 1,300mg

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17
Q

Calcium supplements are recommended for patient who is

A

Lactose Intolerant

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18
Q

Together with calcium, this mineral is necessary for strong and rigid bones and teeth

A

Phosphorus

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19
Q

Functions of Phosphorus

A

Metabolism,of carbs fats and proteins, acid-base balance, and helps B vitamins

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20
Q

Sources of Phosphorus

A

Milk, meats, poultry, and fish

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21
Q

Deficiency of Phosphorus

A

bone demineralization, fatigue, and anorexia

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22
Q

Recommended Intake of Phosphorus

A

580 - 700mg

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23
Q

This mineral is an electrolyte found primarily in intracellular fluid

A

Potassium

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24
Q

Functions of potassium

A

maintains fluid level within the cell, osmosis, transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions

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25
Q

Potassium Deficiency

A

muscle weakness, paralysis, heart abnormalities

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26
Q

Recommended Intake Potassium

A

3,400 Males | 2,600 Females

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27
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

cardiac failure can occur

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28
Q

Function of sodium

A

control of fluid balance (outside of the cell) in the body, nerve transmission and normal muscle function

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29
Q

Sources of Sodium

A

table salt, everyday junk food

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30
Q

Deficiency of sodium

A

dehydration or tetany, upset of acid-base balance

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31
Q

Toxicity of sodium

A

can cause edema, hypertension, and cardiovascular problems

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32
Q

What are the 5 main electrolytes

A

Sodium,Calcium,Magnesium,
Potassium and Chloride

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33
Q

Function of Chloride

A

maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, acid base balance, helps blood carry C02 to lungs and immune response

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34
Q

Sources of Chloride

A

table salt

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35
Q

Requirements of Chloride

A

2,300 mg a day

36
Q

Deficiency of Chloride

A

vomiting, diarrhea, alkalosis

37
Q

Function of Magnesium

A

essential for the maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and acid base balance. helps blood carry C02 to lungs, and immune responses

38
Q

Sources of Magnesium

A

green leafy vegetables, legumes, nuts, whole grains

39
Q

Deficiency of Magnesium

A

nausea, emotional and muscular disorders

40
Q

Requirements of Magnesium

A

400-420 mg daily for men and 310-320 mg for women.

41
Q

Function of Iron

A

deliver oxygen to body tissues, component of hemoglobin

42
Q

Sources of Iron

A

Spinach, meat, poultry, and fish

43
Q

For Iron to be absorbed it must be

A

ferric to ferous iron, HCL from stomach aids in that process

44
Q

Only ___% of iron is absorbed

45
Q

Requirements of Iron

A

Men 10mg Females 15mg

46
Q

Iron deficiency can lead to …

46
Q

Function of Iodine

A

component of thryoid hormones , necessary for rate of metabolism

47
Q

Sources of Iodine

A

iodized salt and seafood

48
Q

Requirements of Iodine

A

150mg needed , additional for pregnancy

49
Q

Deficiency of Iodine

A

goiters form on neck, myedema and cretinism

50
Q

myxedema

51
Q

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A

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51
Q

Function of Zinc

A

cofactor for more than 300 enzymes, essential for growth, wound healing, taste acuity, glucose tolerance, mobilization of vitamin A

52
Q

Sources of Zinc

A

meat, fish, eggs, dairy

53
Q

Requirements of Zinc

A

11g for male 8g for females

54
Q

Deficiency of Zinc

A

impaired immune, decrease appetite and taste acuity

55
Q

Heaviest concentration of selenium is in the

A

liver, kidneys, and heart

56
Q

Function of selenium

A

essential component of various enzymes, antioxidant, immune system, reproduction, metabolism

57
Q

Sources of selenium

A

seafood, kidney, liver, muscle meats

58
Q

Requirements of selenium

59
Q

Selenium supplements are good in treating what

A

Keshan disease

60
Q

Selenium toxicity

A

1mg or more is toxic and can cause skin lesions, loss of hair and nails

61
Q

Copper’s highest concentration is in

A

Liver,kidneys,muscles, and brain

62
Q

Functions of Copper

A

participates in energy production, formation of red blood cells, formation of hemoglobin, iron to bone marrow

63
Q

Sources of Copper

A

organ meats, shellfish,whole grain cereal

64
Q

Requirements of Copper

A

900mg for adults

65
Q

Deficiency of Copper

A

anemia, bone demineralization, impaired growth

66
Q

Toxicity of Copper

A

10-15 mg can cause vomiting and Wilson’s disease

67
Q

How can Keshan’s disease occur

A

Deficiency of selenium

68
Q

Function of Manganese

A

constituent of several enzymes in metabolism and important in bone formation

69
Q

Sources of manganese

A

whole grains and tea

70
Q

Toxicity of manganese

A

neurological problems

71
Q

Function of fluoride

A

strengthens bones and teeth by making the mineral less soluble

72
Q

Sources of fluoride

A

fluoridated water, fish , tea

73
Q

Deficiency of fluoride

A

tooth decay

74
Q

Excessive fluoride

A

mottling of children’s teeth or permanent discoloration

75
Q

Requirements of manganese

A

2.3 mg for men / 1.8 for women

76
Q

Requirements of fluoride

A

Males 4mg females 3mg

77
Q

Function of chromium

A

associated with glucose and lipid metabolism

78
Q

Sources of chromium

A

meat, mushrooms, nuts, organ meats

79
Q

Requirements of chromium

A

35mg male 25mg women

80
Q

Deficiency of chromium

A

disturbances in glucose metabolism

81
Q

Function of molybdenum

A

process proteins and genetic material like DNA, break down drugs and toxic substances that enter the body

82
Q

Sources of molybdenum

A

milk, liver, legumes, and cereals

83
Q

Requirements of molybdenum

A

45ug, fulfilled with balanced diet

84
Q

Toxicity of molybdenum

A

inhibits copper absorption

Nutrition (7 decks)

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