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Earth Science - Minerals > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mineral?

A

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and orderly arrangement of atoms

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2
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of minerals?

A

Naturally occurring - Definite Chemical Composition - Crystalline Form - Solid - Inorganic

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3
Q

What is a solid?

A

A solid has a definite shape and volume

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4
Q

What are native elements?

A

A native element is made up of only one element.

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5
Q

What determines the size of a crystal?

A

The pressure and the temperature from which it forms.

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6
Q

How does a large crystal form?

A

A large crystal forms when magma crystallizes slowly. Ex. Andesite

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7
Q

How does a medium size crystal form?

A

A medium-sized crystal forms when magma closer to the surface cools faster.

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8
Q

How does a small crystal form?

A

A small crystal forms when lava cools quickly near/on the earth’s surface.

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9
Q

How do minerals form?

A

Hot solutions - Cold solutions - Dry conditions - Not so dry conditions.

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10
Q

How can you identify different minerals?

A

Streak - Color - Luster - Density - Hardness.

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11
Q

What are the special properties?

A

Texture - Reaction with acid - Fluoresence - Magnetic - Odor.

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12
Q

Halite

A

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Salt (food additive) melts ice (uses) - Salty & reacts w/ acid (properties).

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13
Q

Calcite

A

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Cement, Polarizing Prisms (uses) - bubbles w/ acid (properties).

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14
Q

Talc

A

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Talcum powder, soapstone, Baby powder (uses) - not acidic, soapy, greasy (properties).

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15
Q

Pyrite (Fools gold)

A

Metallic (Luster) - Fracture - ore of sulfur (uses) - not acidic, looks like gold (properties).

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16
Q

Biotite Mica

A

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - Electrical insulator (uses) - perfect 1-dimensional cleavage (properties).

17
Q

Magmatite

A

Metallic (Luster) - Fracture - ore of iron (uses) - magnetic, does not react to acid (properties).

18
Q

Fluorite

A

Non-metallic (Luster) - Cleavage - hydrofluoric acid, painting pigments (uses) - cleavage in 4 distinct directions (properties).

19
Q

Quartz

A

Non-metallic (Luster) - Fracture - Jewelry, electronics (uses) - hexagonal, does not react w/ acid (properties).

20
Q

What is an ore?

A

An ore is a source from which valuable matter is extracted and usually sold for profit.

21
Q

Hardest mineral? Softest mineral?

A

Hardest: diamond
Softest: Talc

22
Q

Mohs scale for fingernail, glass, streak

A

Fingernail - 2.5
Glass - 5.5
Streak plate -7

23
Q

Ruby

A

Corundum - 9

24
Q

Emerald

A

Beryl - 7.5

25
Q

Sapphire

A

Corundum - 9

26
Q

Diamond

A

10

27
Q

Peridot

A

Olivine - 6.5

28
Q

Amethyst

A

Quartz - 7

29
Q

Mohs scale

A

Talc 1 - Gypsum 2 - Fingernail 2.5 - Calcite 3 - Penny 3.5 - Fluorite 4 - Iron nail 4.5 - Apatite 5 - Glass/Porcelain 5.5 - Feldspar 6 - Steel file 6.5 - Quartz, Streak Plate 7 - Topaz 8 - Corundum 9 - Diamond 10.

30
Q

Magma vs lava

A

Although both magma and lava are molten rock lava erupts onto the earth’s surface while magma is underground.

31
Q

2 main families of rock-forming rocks?

A

Silicates and Nonsilicates

32
Q

Silicates

A

The most abundant mineral group. The minerals have silicon and oxygen in them. Ex. Quartz, Feldspar, and Olivine.

33
Q

Nonsilicates

A

Do not contain silicon. Ex. Calcite, Halite. Makes up only about 5% of the earth’s crust.

34
Q

What are the sources and uses of minerals?

A

Metallic, Nonmetallic, and Rare minerals.

35
Q

Metallic minerals resources

A

Ores of the elements iron and aluminum are among the most common/abundant metallic mineral resources used every day. Iron is the main ingredient of steel, and steel is used to construct buildings, cars, bridges, etc.

36
Q

Rare Metal resources

A

Gold - occurs in a ratio of 1 part gold to 4 parts.
Gold is used to make jewelry and conduct electricity.

37
Q

Nonmetallic Mineral resources

A

Raw materials used for road construction, ceramic products, building stone, & fertilizers.
Ex. Sand - commonly made up of the mineral quartz.

38
Q
A

Earth Science - Minerals (1 decks)

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