Minerals Flashcards
1
Q
Sodium function
A
-Maintains fluid balance
- Transmit nerve impulses
- Influences contraction and relaxation of muscles
2
Q
Too much sodium
A
- Causes high blood pressure
- May lead to fluid retention
- Role in osteoporosis
3
Q
Sodium intake recommendations
A
- AI: 460-920 mg/day
- Suggested Daily Intake: 2000mg/day
4
Q
Potassium function
A
- Associated with fluid balance
- Low intake increases blood pressure
- High intake prevent and correct hypertension
5
Q
Potassium sources
A
- Fruits and vegetables
6
Q
Calcium function
A
- Required for bone health
- Hypertension prevention
- Obesity prevention
- Osteoporosis prevention
7
Q
Phosphorus function
A
- Mineralization of bones and teeth
- Energy metabolism & energy transfer part of every cell
8
Q
Phosphorus sources
A
- Dairy products
- Meats, poultry, fish
- Eggs
- Nuts
-Legumes - Vegetables and grains
9
Q
Iron function
A
- Oxygen transport
- Enzymes
- Immune system
10
Q
Iron deficiency
A
- Anemia
- Impaired immunity
- Impaired cognitive function
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes
11
Q
Iron sources
A
- Heme iron: Animal sources
- None heme iron: Plant sources
12
Q
Vulnerable stages for iron deficiency
A
- Women in reproductive years(menstruation)
- Pregnant women (increased needs for fetus)
- Infants and young children (rapid growth)
- Teenagers (rapid growth)
13
Q
Public health significance of Iron
A
- Critical for motor and cognitive development
- Children and women esp. vulnerable to deficiency
- Deficiency affects 42% children <5 and 40% pregnant women globally
- Public health intervention: lucky iron fish
14
Q
Zinc function
A
- DNA and RNA synthesis
- Involved in growth, development, and immune function
- Affects thyroid hormone function
- Taste perception, wound healing
- Sperm development, fetal development
15
Q
Zinc deficiency
A
- Delayed sexual maturation
- Growth retardation
- Impaired immune function
- Hair loss, skin and eye lesions
- Altered tase, loss of appetite, delayed wound healing
16
Q
Zinc sources
A
- Oysters
- Meat, fish
- Milk
Legumes
17
Q
Public health significance of zinc deficiency
A
- Needed for proper growth and development
- 17.3% of global population at risk of deficiency due to inadequate diet
- Treatment/prevention: Supplementation
18
Q
Iodine function
A
- Essential for thyroid hormone that helps to regulate metabolism
- Regulates body temp., growth, development, reproduction, blood cell production
19
Q
Iodine deficiency
A
- Impaired intellectual development
- Goiter
- Cretinism
20
Q
Iodine sources
A
- Iodised salt
- Seafood
- Fortified products
21
Q
Public health significance of iodine
A
- 18 million babies born mentally impaired due to maternal deficiency
- 38 million born at risk of deficiency
- Globally estimated 3 billion people have insufficient iodine intake
- Intervention: Fortification of salt
- 71% global household have access to iodised salt
- Salt iodisation led to improvement in IQ points
22
Q
Fluoride functions
A
- Formation of teeth and bones; helps resist tooth decay
23
Q
Public health significance of fluoride
A
- Fluoridation of water introduced in Australia 1953
- In 2010, almost 90% of Australians had benefits of optimal water fluoridation
- No credible link between water fluoridation & adverse effects
