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CEGEOLO > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

A naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid that has a specific chemical composition.

A

Mineral

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2
Q

A very common mineral in the earth’s crust, is made up of the elements potassium, aluminum, silicon, and oxygen.

A

Potassium feldspar

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3
Q

Defined as naturally formed aggregates of minerals or mineral-like substances.

A

Rock

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4
Q

Amallest, electrically neutral assemblies of energy and matter that we know exist in the universe.

A

Atoms

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5
Q

Contains positively charged protons and neutrally charged neutrons. Surrounding the nucleus is a cloud of negatively charged electrons. Protons and neutrons are very dense particles with almost identical masses.

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

How many electrons are there in the first Energy level or shell?

A

Two (2)

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7
Q

How many electrons are there in the second Energy level or shell?

A

Eight (8)

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8
Q

How many electrons are there in the third Energy level or shell?

A

Eight (8)

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9
Q

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

A

Atomic number

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10
Q

A group of same kind of atoms.

A

Element

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11
Q

It is the most common type of bonding in minerals. It is also where the electrons are transferred

A

Ionic Bonding

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12
Q

An atom that has a surplus or deficit of electrons relative to the number of protons in its nucleus and therefore a positive or negative electrical charge.

A

Ion

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13
Q

It is the positively charged ion that has fewer electrons than protons.

A

Cation

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14
Q

It is the negatively charged ion that has more electrons than protons.

A

Anion

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15
Q

Some atoms share electrons rather than transferring them, creating a strong bond.

A

Covalent Bonding

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16
Q

Hardest natural substance on earth.

A

Diamond

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17
Q

Closely packed atoms share electrons in higher energy-level shells among several atoms. The atoms are closely packed and the electrons move freely throughout the crystal so as to hold the atoms together.

A

Metallic Bonding

18
Q

A weak secondary attraction between certain molecules formed by transferring electrons. Much weaker than ionic, covalent, or metallic bonding.

A

Van der Waals Bonding

19
Q

They have different crystal structures though having the same composition.

A

Polymorphs

20
Q

Atoms in most solids are organized in regular, and geometric patterns

A

Crystal Structure

21
Q

It is the largest mineral group.

A

Silicate minerals

22
Q

Oxygen combined with silicon

A

Silica

23
Q

The four-sided, pyramidal, geometric shape called a tetrahedron is used to represent the 4 oxygen atoms surrounding a silicon atom.

A

Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron

24
Q

Silicate minerals that are structured so that none of the oxygen atoms are shared by tetrahedra. Example of this is Olivine.

A

Isolated Silicate Structure / Single Tetrahedra

25
Q

When two of a tetrahedron’s oxygen atoms are shared with adjacent tetrahedra to form a chain.

A

Single - Chain Silicates

26
Q

Two adjacent single chains that are sharing oxygen atoms. An example of this is amphibole group.

A

Double - Chain Silicates

27
Q

Hornblende

A

Double - Chain Silicates

28
Q

Each tetrahedron shares three oxygen atoms to form a sheet.

A

Sheet Silicates

29
Q

The mica group and clay group.

A

Sheet silicates

30
Q

Perfect basal cleavage, which means that they are easily split into thin, often transparent sheets.

A

Mica Group

31
Q

An important sub-group of the sheet silicates.

A

Clay minerals

32
Q

Decomposition of feldspar (e.g. granite). It is the principal components of china clay.

A

Kaolinite

33
Q

Alteration of basic igneous rocks containing silicates rich in Calcium and Magnesium. Can swell significantly by the adsorption of water.

A

Montmorillonite / Smectite

34
Q

When all four oxygen ions are shared by adjacent tetrahedra.

A

Framework silicate

35
Q

Feldspar and Quartz

A

Framework Silicates

36
Q

Minerals that do not contain silica, are nevertheless important

A

Non-silicate minerals

37
Q

Some geologists consider calcite to be a “ubiquitous mineral” - one that is found everywhere.

A

Carbonates Group

38
Q

Apatite. Common mineral in many varieties of igneous and sedimentary rocks. The main source of the phosphorus required by plants.

A

Phosphates Group

39
Q

Contains sulfate anion.

A

Sulfates Group

40
Q

Source for Metals. These are the Sulfides and Oxides.

A

Ore Mineral Group

CEGEOLO (2 decks)

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