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Science 🧪 > Minerals 💎 > Flashcards

Minerals 💎 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a mineral?

A

Natural occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystalline structure and definite chemical composition…

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2
Q

Five criteria’s to be a mineral

A

Solid
Natural
Inorganic
Fixed composition
Crystal structure

SNIFC

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3
Q

Minerals are mostly…

A

Compounds but some are just elements.

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4
Q

Compound example

A

Quartz

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5
Q

Element example

A

Gold, Cobalt, SILVER IS MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN A CAT, copper, Arsenic, Bismuth.

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6
Q

How do the minerals often look like when they are found?

A

Minerals are often dull looking and encased in rock when they are originally found.

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7
Q

What can you get when you polish some minerals?

A

Gemstones

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8
Q

How many shapes of mineral are there?

A

6

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9
Q

Where are minerals found?

A

Minerals are usually found in ore.

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10
Q

What is ore?

A

An ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals and with important elemts like metals that can be economically extracted from the rock.

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11
Q

How is the ore extracted?

A

By mining.

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12
Q

How are the ores refined?

A

By smelting to extract the valuable elements.

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13
Q

How are the minerals classified?

A

Based on their chemical composition, minerals are classified into 8 group.

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14
Q

What are the 8 groups of minerals?

A

Silicates
Native elements
Carbonates
Halides
Oxides
Phosphates
Sulfates
Sulfides

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15
Q

How are Minerals Identified?

A

On the basis of their chemical composition and crystalline structure.

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16
Q

Does same mineral has the always same color?

A

No

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17
Q

What is a streak?

A

A streak is the color of a mineral in powdered form

18
Q

How can you observe the streak of a mineral?

A

Rub the mineral against a piece of unglazed ceramic tile, this is called a streak plate.

19
Q

What is the streak of a metallic mineral?

A

A metallic mineral will have a dark streak.

20
Q

What is the streak of a non-metallic mineral?

A

A nonmetallic mineral will have a very light or no streak.

21
Q

What would cause a mineral to leave no streak?

A

Minerals that are harder than the streak plate are said to have “no streak” or a “colorless streak.”

22
Q

What is a luster?

A

Luster is the way a mineral reflects light.

23
Q

What is a metallic luster?

A

Metallic Luster reflects light like polished metal.

24
Q

What is a non-metallic luster?

A

Nonmetallic Luster - Does not reflect light like a metal.

25
Q

What are some examples of luster?

A

Metallic, non-metallic, glassy, waxy, pearly, dull or earthy

26
Q

What is hardness?

A

The ability of a mineral to resist scratching.

27
Q

What is the Mohs Hardness Scale?

A

The scale which the hardness of a minerals is rated.

28
Q

How do you test an unknown mineral’s hardness?

A

You must determine the hardest mineral on the scale that the unknown mineral can scratch.

29
Q

What does the density of a mineral depend on?

A

The kinds of atoms in the mineral
How closely those atoms are packed

30
Q

What is a crystalline structure?

A

The pattern of atomic structure.

31
Q

How a mineral breaks?

A

Cleavage and fracture.

32
Q

What kind of break is a cleavage?

A

When a mineral splits evenly along a flat surface

33
Q

What kind of break is a fracture?

A

When a mineral breaks in an irregular way. (unevenly)

34
Q

What is a Double Refraction?

A

These minerals produce a double image of any object viewed through the mineral

35
Q

Why would a mineral be attracted to a magnet?

A

Contains iron.

36
Q

Wha tis a Fluorescence?

A

The ability to glow under UV light

37
Q

What is a Phosphorescence?

A

The mineral glows under UV light, when the light is turned off, the mineral continues to glow

38
Q

How do minerals form?

A

Formation from organic processes

Crystallization from dissolved materials in water

Crystallization of cooling magma or lava

39
Q

What is a Formation from organic processes ?

A

This means a living thing helped create it, but it is not from the living thing itself

Examples: Coral and shells are made out of the mineral calcite.

40
Q

What is a Crystallization from dissolved materials in water?

A

When elements and compounds leave a dissolved solution, crystallization can occur.
Evaporation
Cooling hot water solutions
Geodes

41
Q

What is a Crystallization of cooling magma or lava?

A

Cooling magma can create igneous rocks - these rocks contain crystalized minerals such as quartz, feldspar and biotite mica.

42
Q

What is a definite crystalline structure?

A

A crystal is a solid in which atoms or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern that is repeated over and over and over and over again.

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