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Day 2 Min and Petro > Mineralogy 1 > Flashcards

Mineralogy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

arrange the oxides by weight:
Al2O3
CaO
TiO2
H2O
SiO2
MgO
K2O
Na2O
Fe2O3
FeO
Remaining oxides

A

SiO2
Al2O3
CaO
FeO
Na2O
MgO
K2O
Fe2O3
H2O
TiO2
Remaining oxides

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2
Q

olivine, garnet, zircon, kyanite are example of what tetrahedron configuration

A

Isolated (nesosilicates)

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3
Q

epidote, zoisite are example of what tetrahedron configuration

A

Pairs (sorosilicates)

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4
Q

Tourmaline is an example of what tetrahedron configuration

A

Rings (cyclosilicates)

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5
Q

pyroxenes, wollastonite are example of what tetrahedron configuration

A

single chains (inosilicates)

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6
Q

amphiboles are example of what tetrahedron configuration

A

double chains (inosilicates)

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7
Q

Micas, clay minerals, serpentine, chlorite are example of what tetrahedron configuration

A

sheets (phyllosilicates)

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8
Q

felds, quartz, zeolite are example of what tetrahedron configuration

A

framework (tectosilicates)

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9
Q

intergrowth of sodic and potassic felds resulting from subsolidus exosolution (unmixing of two minerals
has blebs or irregular lamellae of sodic feldspar within potassic alkali feldspar

A

Perthite

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10
Q

intergrowth of branching rods of quartz set in a single crystal of plag
derived from the ancient greek work “myrmekia” (wart)

A

Myrmekite

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11
Q

appearance of runic writing
suggested to originate by simultaneous crystallisation

A

Graphic Texture

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12
Q

solid solution phase umixes into two separate phases in the solid state

A

Exosolution lamellae in pyroxene

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13
Q

the same direction in all directions
(garnet, spinel)

A

equant

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14
Q

equant with a nearly square cross sections
(halite, galena)

A

blocky

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15
Q

needlelike
(actinolite, sillimanite)

A

acicular

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16
Q

plates or thick sheet
(gypsum, graphite)

A

tablular or platy

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17
Q

hairlike or threadlike (serpentine, millerite)

A

capillary or filiform

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18
Q

elongated and flatened in one direction (kyanite, wollastonite)

A

bladed

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19
Q

elongated with faces parallel to a common direction (apatite, beryl)

A

prismatic or columnar

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20
Q

easily split into sheets (muscovite, biotite)

A

foliated or micaceous

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21
Q

solid mass with no distinguishing features

A

massive

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22
Q

composed of many individual grains

A

granular

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23
Q

crystals emanating from a common point

A

radiating or divergent

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24
Q

composed of fibers

A

fibrous

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25
Q

stalactite shaped

A

stalactitic

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26
Q

plates or slaps growing together

A

lamellar or tabular

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27
Q

contains aggregate of crystals giving a starlike appearance (pyrophyllite)

A

stellated

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28
Q

feathery appearance

A

plumose

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29
Q

like a branching tree or plant

A

dendritic or arborescent

30
Q

net-like, lattice pattern

A

reticulated

31
Q

spherical/hemispherical shapes made of radiating crystals

A

colloform or globular

32
Q

similar to a bunch of grapes (hematite)

A

botryoidal

33
Q

kidney-shaped

A

reniform

34
Q

breast-like

A

mamillary

35
Q

surfaces covered with fine crystals

A

drusy

36
Q

small or small spheres

A

elliptic or pisolitic

37
Q

mineral habit characterized by small, strong and flexible fibers.

A

asbestiform

38
Q

commercial name for any marketable asbestiform mineral

A

asbestos

39
Q

“white asbestos” is composed of what mineral?
serpentine mineral group
accounts for 95% commercial asbestos market

A

chrysotile

40
Q

“blue asbestos”
variety of riebeckite

A

crocidolite

41
Q

“brown asbestos”
variety of grunerite

A

amosite

42
Q

when a mineral changes color as it is rotated to the polarizer in PPL

A

pleochroism

43
Q

characterizes the relationship between the speed of light in a vacuum and the speed of light in that mineral

A

refractive index

44
Q

refractive index of High mineral relief

A

> 0.12

45
Q

refractive index of intermediate relief

A

0.04 - 0.12

46
Q

refractive index of low relief

A

<0.04

47
Q

relative refractive indices of two materials (minerals, glass, or epoxy) adjacent to each other in a thin section can be determined by using

A

Becke lines

48
Q

if Becke line moves into the mineral grain the mineral has a _____ index of refraction and _____ relief

A

higher, higher

49
Q

if Becke line move out of the grain, the mineral has a ____ index of refraction and _____ relief

A

lower, lower

50
Q

ideal crystal form or the shape of a mineral takes when left to grow without barriers or interface with other nearby mineral grains

A

Mineral form

51
Q

minerals show perfect or nearly perfect crystal faces

A

euhedral

52
Q

minerals are rounded but still show general characteristic shape of that mineral

A

subhedral

53
Q

crystals are completely irregular in shape and do not resemble the characteristic form for that mineral

A

anhedral

54
Q

tendency of minerals to break along atomic planes of weakness within the crystal structure

A

cleavage

55
Q

irregular cracks within a mineral

A

fractures

56
Q

under XPL, the mineral will go extinct (dark) when the cleavage direction is PARALLEL to the N-S and E-W directions as the stage is rotated. what extinction is this?

A

parallel extinction

57
Q

color of mineral under XPL is called

A

interference color

58
Q

mineral separates into two minerals, producing a striped effect

A

exosolution lamellae

59
Q

rocks in which clay content is predominant
soft in nature and with the presence of water, they crumble easily
if dry, crushed easily because of brittleness
ex. shale, slate, laterite

A

argillaceous rocks

60
Q

rocks in w/c calcium carbonate is the major ingredient
generally hard but their durability is dependent on surrounding constituents
ex. marble, limestone, dolomite

A

calcareous rocks

61
Q

rocks contain silica in predominant amount
presence of a large of free silica makes them harder and durable. strong resistance to weather
ex. granite, chert, quartzite

A

siliceous rocks

62
Q

twinning that has a planar composition surface separating two individual crystals.
ex. orthoclase twinned on the Braveno law, with {021} as the twin plane

A

contact twins

63
Q

twinning that has a planar composition surface separating two individual crystals.
ex. crystal of orthoclase twinned on the Braveno law, with {021} as the twin plane

A

contact twins

64
Q

twinning that have an irregular composition surface separting two individual crystals
defined by a twin center or twin axis
ex. crystal of orthoclase twinned on the Carlsbad Law with [001] as the twin axis

A

penetration twins

65
Q

composition surfaces are parallel to one another
ex. plagioclase, albite twin law with {010} as the twin plane

A

polysynthetic twin

66
Q

composition surfaces are not parallel to one another
ex. chrysoberyl along {031} plane

A

cyclical twins

67
Q

feldspar minerals plagioclase and microcline are the most common that show twinning in this system

A

triclinic system

68
Q

this system is most commonly occur on the plane {100} and {001}
orthoclase and sanidine most commonly twinned
both contact and penetration twins occur
Maneback law {001}, contact twin
Carlsbad Law [001], penetration twin
Braveno Law {021}, contact twin
Swallow Tail Twins {100}, gypsum

A

monoclinic system

69
Q

commonly twin on planes parallel to a prism face
{110} cyclical twins
Staurolite Law

A

orthorhombic crystal (orthorhombic system)

70
Q

twinning in this system usually occurs on {011} forming cyclical contact twins
ex. rutile and cassiterite

A

tetragonal system

71
Q

three types of twins common in isometric system

A

Spinel Law {111}, spinel
[111]
Iron cross [001], pyrite

Day 2 Min and Petro (4 decks)

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