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Earth Science > Mineral & Rock Unit Test Study Guide > Flashcards

Mineral & Rock Unit Test Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

mineral

A

the building blocks of rocks

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2
Q

color

A

most obvious, least reliable

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3
Q

luster

A

how light reflects off the surface
>metalic, non-metalic

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4
Q

hardness

A

resistance to being scratched
>Mohs Scale

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5
Q

Mohs Scale

A

a scale to show the hardness of minerals
>1-10
>talc - diamond

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6
Q

streak

A

color of a mineral as a fine powder
> streak plate
» unglazed porcelain

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7
Q

cleavage

A

breaking on a flat plane

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8
Q

fracture

A

breaking on an uneven plane

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9
Q

silicate

A

silicon + oxygen

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10
Q

carbonate

A

carbon + oxygen

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11
Q

sulfate

A

sulfur + oxygen

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12
Q

sulfide

A

sulfur + other

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13
Q

oxide

A

oxygen + metal(s)

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14
Q

phosphate

A

phosphorous + oxygen

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15
Q

halide

A

halogen group 17

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16
Q

native element

A

pure

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17
Q

periodic table

A

a table to organize elements/minerals

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18
Q

precipitation

A

crystalization from a solution
> saturated
>supersaturated

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19
Q

crystallization

A

cooling and solidification from magma or lava
> Bowen’s Reaction Series

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20
Q

metamorphism

A

minerals changing into a new mineral due to intense heat or pressure

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21
Q

Bowen’s Reaction Series

A

sequence of mineral formation

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22
Q

rock

A

solid masses of minerals or mineral-like substances (organic)

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23
Q

igneous

A

formed from the cooling and solidification of magma
> intrusive
> extrusive
> mafic
> silicic
> intermediate

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24
Q

sedimentary

A

formed from pieces of sediment or fossils
> lithification
> cementation
> compaction

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25
Q

metamorphic

A

formed when existing rocks are changed through intense heat and/or pressure
> contact metamorphism
> regional metamorphism
> parent rock
> daughter rock

26
Q

Intrusive

A

> plutonic
forms from magma
cools slowly
> creates large crystals

27
Q

extrusive

A

> volcanic
forms from lava
cools quickly
> creates small or no crystals

28
Q

mafic

A

> low silica
high magnesium
high iron

29
Q

silicic

A

> high silica
low magnesium
low iron

30
Q

intermediate

A

an almost even mix of silica, magnesium, and iron

31
Q

clastic

A

sedimentary rock formed from compaction

32
Q

biologic

A

an organic sedimentary rock formed from either compaction or cementation

33
Q

chemical

A

a sedimentary rock formed from cementation

34
Q

contact metamorphism

A

> effects a small, localized area
magma starts to intrude
non-foliated

35
Q

regional metamorphism

A

> effects a large, regional area
formed along plate tectonic boundaries
helps create mountains
foliated

36
Q

foliated

A

has a layered appearance

37
Q

non-foliated

A

does not have a layered appearance

38
Q

rock cycle

A

a model that describes the process that creates and transforms the rocks in Earth’s crust

39
Q

lithification

A

the process of combining sediment into solid rock

40
Q

cementation

A

deposition of minerals in the spaces between sediment

41
Q

compaction

A

pressure pushing sediment together into solid rock

42
Q

parent rock

A

an existing rock (of any type)

43
Q

daughter rock

A

a new metamorphic rock

44
Q

What mineral group does PbS belong to?

A

sulfide

45
Q

What mineral group does Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 belong to?

A

carbonate

46
Q

What mineral group does Ca5(PO4)3F belong to?

A

phosphate

47
Q

what mineral group does TiO2 belong to?

A

oxide

48
Q

what mineral group does NiCO3 belong to?

A

carbonate

49
Q

what mineral group does Mg2SiO4 belong to?

A

silicate

50
Q

What mineral group does CaF2 belong to?

A

halide

51
Q

What mineral group does ZrSiC4 belong to?

A

silicate

52
Q

What mineral group does SrSO4 belong to?

A

sulfate

53
Q

What mineral group does CuFe2S2 belong to?

A

sulfide

54
Q

What mineral group does Al2O3 belong to?

A

oxide

55
Q

What mineral group does C belong to?

A

native element

56
Q

What mineral group does CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8*4H2) belong to?

A

phosphate

57
Q

What mineral group does NaCl belong to?

A

halide

58
Q

What mineral group does C belong to?

A

native element

59
Q

What mineral group does CaSO4*2H2O belong to?

A

sulfate

60
Q

The Rock Cycle

A

this isn’t a question, but make sure you know the cycle

Earth Science (3 decks)

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