Mineral Resources and Geology

Question 1

Core

Answer 1

Is the innermost zone of Earth’s interior, composed mostly of iron and nickel. It includes a liquid outer layer and a solid inner layer.

Question 2

Mantle

Answer 2

The layer of Earth above the core, containing magma

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

Molten rock

Question 4

Asthenosphere

Answer 4

Is the layer of Earth located in the outer part of mantle, composed of semi-molten rock

Question 5

Lithosphere

Answer 5

The outermost layer of Earth, including the mantle and crust.

Question 6

Crust

Answer 6

In geology, the chemically distinct outermost layer of the lithosphere

Question 7

Hotspot

Answer 7

In geology, a place where molten material from Earth’s mantle reaches the lithosphere

Question 8

Plate tectonics

Answer 8

The theory that the lithosphere of Earth is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion

Question 9

Tectonic cycle

Answer 9

The sum of processes that build up and break down the lithosphere

Question 10

Subduction

Answer 10

The process of one crustal plate passing under another

Question 11

Volcano

Answer 11

A vent in the surface of Earth that emits ash, gases, or molten lava

Question 12

Divergent Plate Boundary

Answer 12

An area beneath the ocean where tectonic plates move away from each other

Question 13

Seafloor spreading

Answer 13

The formation of new ocean crust as a result of magma pushing upward and outward from Earth’s mantle to the surface

Question 14

Convergent Plate Boundary

Answer 14

An area where plates move toward one another and collide

Question 15

Transform Fault Boundary

Answer 15

An area where tectonic plate moves sideways past each other

Question 16

Fault

Answer 16

A fracture in rock caused by the movement of Earth’s crust

Question 17

Seismic activity

Answer 17

The frequency and intensity of earthquakes experienced over time

Question 18

Fault zone

Answer 18

A large expanse of rock where a fault has occurred

Question 19

Epicenter

Answer 19

The exact point on the surface of Earth directly above the location where rock ruptures during an earthquake

Question 20

Richter scale

Answer 20

A scale that measures the largest ground movement that occurs during an earthquake

Question 21

Fracture

Answer 21

A crack that occurs in rock as it cools

Question 22

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Answer 22

Igneous rock that forms when magma rises up and cools in a place underground (cools rapidly, fine-grained crystals)

Question 23

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Answer 23

Igneous rock that forms when magma rises up and cools in a place above the surface of Earth (cools slower, larger crystals)

Question 24

Sedimentary Rock

Answer 24

Rock that forms when sediments such as muds, sands, r gravels are compressed by overlying sediments

Question 25

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 25

Rock that forms when sedimentary rock, igneous rock, or other metamorphic rock is subjected to high temperature and pressure Ex: Slate, Marble (important building materials)