Mineral Binding Materials

Question 1

Definition of mineral binding materials.

Answer 1

Materials which are won and prepared out of natural rocks or as a by-product of technical processes. Serve essentiality as a compound for aggregates to produce construction materials (mortar, concrete).

Question 2

Types of binding materials

Answer 2

• Gypsum
• Limes
• Cements

Question 3

Gypsum defnition

Answer 3

Very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. Occurs in a natural state or recovered of industrial process

Question 4

Production of Binding Materials

Answer 4

1. Rocking the Stone
2. Rocks Crushing
3. Rocks Transportation
4. Clinker Kiln

Question 5

Lime reaction

Answer 5

CaCO3 CaO + CO2 At 900°C

Question 6

Different Kind of limes

Answer 6

1. Air-slaked limes (Non hydraulic limes) They need CO2 for hardening , so they do not harden if they stored in water
2. Hydraulic limes: They can harden in water and they are water resistant after hardening

Question 7

Cement content

Answer 7

-Content CaO, SiO2, AlO3 and Fe2O3

Question 8

Cement production

Answer 8

1. extraction
2. storing and homogenization (gravel formation)
3. drying and grinding (raw mix formation)
4. precipitation + homogenization and cauterisation (clinker formation)

Question 9

Clinker phases

Answer 9

• Tricalciumsilicate C3S
• Dicalciumsilicate C2S
• Tricalciumaluminate C3A
• Tetracalciumaluminateferrite C4AFresp. C2(AF)

Question 10

Hydration of cement - Main reaction products

Answer 10

• Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) – Responsible for the strength of the hardened concrete
• Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) – Produces the alkaline environment

Question 11

Hydration of cement - Main influences on hydration

Answer 11

• Water – cement value • Temperature • Kind of cements (composition, fineness) • Storage and aftertreatment

Question 12

Relation Between w/c-ratio and Compression Strength of Paste Matrix and Cement Mortar

Answer 12

Question 13

Definition of Mortar. On what is it used?

Answer 13

MORTAR = Mineral binding material + aggregates + water

Mortar is used to:
• To join bricks to masonry (masonry mortar)
• As lining for walls and ceilings (plasters)
• As coating of floors (screed mortar)
• As an infill material of metal ducts of prestressing strands
• As fire protection or protection against corrosion

Question 14

What should and should not affect theAdditive Materials and Agents of Mortar?

Answer 14

They should affect:

• Workability
• Water retention
• Color
They should not aaffect:
• Hardening
• Strength
• Durability
• Corrosion protection of reinforcement

Question 15

Functions of Masonry Mortar and positive efects

Answer 15

Function of the mortar:

• to join the bricks to masonry
• Solid bed for good transfer of forces
• Spaces between the bricks must be filled to ensure transfer of shear forces and for protection

The mortar has an positive effect on :

• Humidity
• Heat
• Sound
• Fire

Question 16

How is workability determined and which are the required features?

Answer 16

Workability is determined by quality of freshly-mixed mortar
Required features of a mortar:
• Plastic consistency, i.e. deformability, flexibility
• High water-retention
• High resistance to segregation

Good Workability is needed to ensure filling of all joint and a good bond between bricks and mortar

Question 17

Strength Development of Different Kind of Mortar (graph)

Answer 17

Question 18

Kinds of Plasters and requirements

Answer 18

• Exterior plasters: Protection of wall from humidity (rain). Improvement of the sight of the building. Requirements: Weather resistance (frost, sun, rain). Vapor permeable
• Interior plasters: Regulate indoor climate. Smooth base for wall papers and coating. Sound absorption. Requirement: High porosity. High water and vapor adsorption capacity. Vapor permeable