Mine Ventilation Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

There is evidence to suggest that the need to establish ventilation circuits with intake and return airways was understood and practiced by the Greeks.

A

Pre Middle Ages

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2
Q

Mine ventilation practices of the day are illustrated and described in “De Re Metallica”, by Georgius Agricola, 1556. This was amongst the first books ever printed and remained a standard mining text for the next 200 years.

A

Middle Ages - Industrial Revolution

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3
Q

Who wrote “De Re Metallica” which was published in 1556?

A

Gerogius Agricola/Georg Bauer

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4
Q

This book describes horse and human powered centrifugal fans; bellows connected to wooden conduits, ventilation doors and shaft collar deflectors, which divert winds into the mine workings.

A

De Re Metallica

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5
Q

This period saw an unprecedented increase in demand for mineral commodities including coal, metalliferous ores and industrial minerals. Substantial growth in mining activity, (much of it underground) was required
to satisfy this new demand.

A

Industrial Revolution – Information Age

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6
Q

Larger scale mining led to increasing numbers of miners suffering from health problems contributed to by poor ventilation. Enumerate the 3 problems may arise due to poor ventilation.

A
  1. black lung
  2. mine explosions
  3. fires
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7
Q

Who is the British mining agent whom presented his famous paper “On the Theory of the Ventilation of Mines” in 1854 and _______’s Equation still forms the basis for all mine ventilation engineering.

A

John Atkinson

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8
Q

The most notable feature has been the development of computerized mine ventilation network analysis. This has made prediction of fan requirements and airflow distributions in complex mine ventilation circuits feasible using
desktop computers.

A

Information Age

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9
Q

A type of gas detectors, which is the first detector that was used, and was commonly used by miners to help alert them to the presence of toxic vapors such as the odorless carbon monoxide in hazardous areas of underground mining pits.

A

Canary Bird

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10
Q

A type of gas detectors encapsulated in a flame-arrestor shell so that there was no way the flame could ignite the outside atmosphere. On the outside of it was a glass piece that had three incisions running horizontally along the glass.

A

Flame Light

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11
Q

This sensor is made of two platinum wires positioned within a ceramic mass. Both wires are connected to a Wheatstone bridge circuit. Part of the ceramic mass contains a bead catalyst
responsible for oxidation and an additional ceramic bead that will inhibit the process of
oxidation.

A

Pellistor

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12
Q

A type of gas detector engineered with a dual beam, have become the preferred method to monitoring gas. Carry a wide measurement range which allows for the detection of gas concentrations from a few parts per million to 100%. There is a rapid response rate, approximately 0.1 seconds from the time it takes for the gas to enter the analyzer to the time it takes to measure the gas concentration.

A

Infrared Led Gas Detectors

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13
Q

Enumerate the History of Mine Ventilation

A
  1. Ability of fire to promote airflow was discovered
  2. Need for a connected ventilating circuit was discovered
  3. Sending of fireman covered with damped sack cloth to burn out methane became a common method for removing methane
  4. Use of Steel Flint Mill for illuminating mines
  5. Introduction of “Dumb Drifts”
  6. Invention of Davy Lamp
  7. Discovery of panel ventilation innovation
  8. “Theory of the ventilation of mines” was presented by Atkinson to the Institute of Mining Engineers in England
  9. John Job Atkinson’s Principles on mine ventilation were put into practice
  10. Use of analogue computers to facilitate ventilation planning
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14
Q

What does the early flint miners built at the working faces of the mines?

A

Brushwood fires

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15
Q

A common method of removing methane was to send a _____ in before each shift, covered in sack cloths dowsed in water and carrying a candle on the end of a long rod. It was his task to burn out the methane before the miners went into the working faces.

A

fireman

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16
Q

John Buddle (1773-1843), an eminent mining engineer in the north of England, produced two significant improvements. What is it?

A
  1. Dumb Drifts
  2. Panel Ventilation
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17
Q

Originally, air flowed sequentially through work areas, one after the other, continually increasing in methane concentration.

A

Panel Ventilation

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18
Q

Who produced another classical paper advancing understanding of the behavior of airflow by using thermodynamic analyses?

A

Professor F. B. Hinsley

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19
Q

This device relied on a piece of flint being held against a rapidly revolving steel wheel. The latter was driven through a gear mechanism by a manually rotated handle. Invented by Carlisle Spedding.

A

steel flint mill

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20
Q

Within a short period of experimentation he found that the flame of burning methane would not readily pass through a closely woven wire mesh. The Davy lamp had arrived in 1815.

A

Humphrey Davy

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21
Q

Enumerate and arrange the mine gases from the top to the bottom.

A
  1. Methane
  2. Carbon Monoxide
  3. Air
  4. Oxygen
  5. Carbon Dioxide
  6. Hydrogen Sulfide
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22
Q

Air is composed of?

A

78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% other gases

22
Q

Important Properties of Air:

A
  1. It takes up space
  2. It has mass
  3. It is affected by temperature
  4. It exerts pressure
  5. It can be compressed
  6. It is affected by the altitude
23
Q

The weight of a ratio of a specific gas compared to the same ratio of air.(Air = 1.000)

A

Specific Gravity/Vapor Density

24
Q

Cold gases will diffuse slowly, hot gases will diffuse quickly

A

Temperature

25
Q

The rate of diffusion, the lower the specific gravity, the faster it will diffuse

A

Graham’s Law

26
Q

The lower the pressure, the faster a gas will diffuse.

A

Barometric Pressure

27
Q

The ability to dissolve in water (taste and/or smell)

A

Solubility

28
Q

The amount of vapor that can exist in the air at a temperature.

A

Humidity

29
Q

It is expressed as a percent, measures water vapor, but RELATIVE to the temperature of the air.

A

Relative Humidity

30
Q

Explain the relationship of the humidity and temperature.

A

The relation between humidity and temperature formula simply says they are inversely proportional. If temperature increases it will lead to a decrease in relative humidity, thus the air will become drier whereas when temperature decreases, the air will become wet means the relative humidity will increase.

31
Q

It is composed of different impurities depending on the environment underground. Underground Coal mines for example are known to contain presence of unwanted gases such as Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Hydrogen Sulphide , Oxides of Nitrogen, etc.

A

Mine Air

32
Q

The prime air contaminants produced during underground mining are:

A
  1. Dust - danger of dust related diseases such as silicosis and black lung
  2. Heat - Heat stress is among such causes which reduces one’s efficiency to do work
  3. Mine Gases - (including water vapour i.e. Humidity)
33
Q

The amount of a gas exposure for an 8 hour day for 5 days a week without any harmful effects.

A

Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

34
Q

The amount of gas at no time a person can be exposed to.

A

Ceiling Limit

35
Q

The maximum concentration of a gas, in case of SCBA failure, one could escape without any irreversible health effects.

A

Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)

36
Q

What is SCBA?

A

Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

37
Q

The most accurate measurement of a contaminant in the atmosphere.

A

Parts Per Million (PPM)

38
Q

A type of damp with a mixture of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in a mine can cause suffocation, and is formed as a result of corrosion in enclosed spaces so removing oxygen from the atmosphere.

A

Black damp

39
Q

A type of damp similar to black damp, consists of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and forms after a mine explosion.

A

After damp

40
Q

A type of damp consists of mostly methane, a highly flammable gas that explodes between 5% and 15% - at 25% it causes asphyxiation.

A

Fire damp

41
Q

A type of damp named from the rotten egg smell of the hydrogen sulphide gas, also very toxic.

A

Stink damp

42
Q

A type of damp air containing carbon monoxide which is toxic, even at low concentrations

A

White damp

43
Q

A gas that is colorless, has a pungent or acrid smell and a “soda water” taste. It has a specific gravity relative to air of 1.53 (significantly heavier than air) and will not support combustion.

A

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

44
Q

A type of gas that is colorless, odorless, tasteless gas, with a specific gravity relative to
air of 1.1.

A

Oxygen (O2)

45
Q

It is a type of gas, has a high toxicity. Because of this and the fact that it is colorless, odorless and tasteless, it is an extremely dangerous gas. Produced by fires, the oxidation processes (e.g. blasting) and sometimes issues from rock strata (especially in coal mines). It is also a component of combustion engine exhaust emissions.

A

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

46
Q

A type of gas which covers a mixture of gases usually found together. The most important of these are Nitric Oxide (NO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), both of which are classified as toxic.

A

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

47
Q

A type of gas that is colorless and even at relatively low concentrations has a pungent, suffocating sulphurous odor, and acidic taste, making it readily detectable. It is highly toxic.

A

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

48
Q

A type of gas, colorless and is readily detected in small concentrations by its unpleasant rotten eggs odor. Unfortunately, continued exposure to the gas (even for relatively short periods of time) leads to paralysis of the olfactory nerves, meaning that the sense of smell cannot thereafter be relied upon.

A

Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

49
Q

A type of gas that is is colorless, odorless and non-toxic. Very dangerous in mines because it forms an explosive mixture with air at concentrations of between 5 and 15 % (it produces an explosion of greatest force at a concentration of 9%).

A

Methane

50
Q

An old miners’ term for gaseous products formed in coal mines to distinguish them from pure air. Although still in use they are not commonly used in today’s mining.

A

Damps

51
Q

A type of gas that is colorless, and has a very distinctive, pungent odor (the smell is familiar to those who have used certain disinfectant and window cleaning products).

A

Ammonia (NH4)

52
Q
A