Mind-numbing Numbers Flashcards
TSH normal value
0.5 to 5.0 mIU/L
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists guidelines changed their normal range for TSH to 0.3 - 3.04 mIU/L
Free T4 normal value
0.9 to 1.9 ng/dL
or 12 to 30 pmol/L
Free T3 normal value
130 to 450 pg/dl
or 2.0 to 7.0 pmol/L
Total T4 normal value
5.0 to 12.0μg/dL
Total T3 normal value
60 to 180 ng/dL
or 0.92 to 2.76 nmol/L
Ionized Calcium normal value
4.4-5.2 mg/dL
or 1.1-1.3 mmol/L
Total Calcium normal value
8.6-10.3 mg/dL
or 2.2-2.6 mmol/L
Serum Thyroglobulin normal value
5-25 ng/mL
alternate source: 0-60 ng/mL
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in serum normal value
Electrophoresis:
10 - 24 mg/dL
Radioimmunoassay (RAI):
1.3 - 2.0 mg/dL
Daily iodine requirement
100 mcg per day
Levotyroxine full replacement dose for young, otherwise healthy adults (nonmalignant conditions)
1.6 μg/kg/day
repeat TSH measurements with dose adjustment every 4 to 6 weeks (four to six half-lives of T4)
Levotyroxine full replacement dose for known coronary disease, those with multiple coronary risk factors, and elderly patients who may have previously silent coronary disease
When to repeat testing?
conservative therapy: 25 μg/day initial dose
repeat TSH measurements with dose adjustment every 4 to 6 weeks (four to six half-lives of T4)
Levotyroxine full replacement dose for post-thyroidectomy for thyroid CA
- 1 μg/kg/day
* mean T4 dose required to achieve euthyroidism is generally higher
DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:
at birth
cricopharyngeus - 7 aorta - 12 left bronchus - 13 hiatus - 17 cardia - 18 greater curvature - 23
DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:
2 years old
cricopharyngeus - 9 aorta - 14 left bronchus - 15 hiatus - 18 cardia - 19 greater curvature - 27
DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:
3 years old
cricopharyngeus - 10 aorta - 15 left bronchus - 16 hiatus - 21 cardia - 22 greater curvature - 30
DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:
6 years old
cricopharyngeus - 11 aorta - 16 left bronchus - 18 hiatus - 24 cardia - 25 greater curvature - 33
DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:
10 years old
cricopharyngeus - 12 aorta - 17 left bronchus - 20 hiatus - 26 cardia - 27 greater curvature - 36
DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:
14 years old
cricopharyngeus - 14 aorta - 21 left bronchus - 24 hiatus - 33 cardia - 34 greater curvature - 43
DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:
adult
cricopharyngeus - 16 aorta - 23 left bronchus - 27 hiatus - 38 cardia - 40 greater curvature - 53
resonant frequency of concha
around 5300 Hz
resonant frequency of external auditory canal
around 3000 Hz
What is the minimum Air Bone Gap a 512 Hz Tuning Fork can detect when used in Rinne Test ?
minimum of 30dB (mild CHL)
What is the minimum Air Bone Gap a 256 Hz Tuning Fork can detect when used in Rinne Test ?
minimum of 15dB
What is the minimum Air Bone Gap a 1026 Hz Tuning Fork can detect when used in Rinne Test ?
minimum of 45dB (Moderate CHL)
Weber is a sensitive test. How many decibels difference between the ears is sufficient to lateralise the Weber?
5 dB difference
adult ear canal volume
0.5 - 2 cm3
children ear canal volume
0.3 - 1.5 cm3
Nasofrontal angle
115-135 degrees
Normal Intercanthal Distance
Female: 25.5 to 37.5 cm
Male: 26.5 to 38.5 cm
Nasofacial Relationship
Female: 95-110 degrees
Male: 90-95 degrees
Nasofacial Angle
30-40 degrees (ideal 36)
Nasomental Angle
120-132 degrees
lips should be posterior to this line (4mm upper lip; 2mm lower lip)
Nasal Rotation and Projection
Simon’s Method :
Goode Method : 0.55-0.66 ratio
3-4-5 Triangle (Lanser & Crumley) : hypothenuse in nasal length (5), short arm is projection (3)
Baum ratio : 2:1 (nasion-subnasale:perpendicular line to tip)
Powell and Humphries: 2.8:1
alar to tip ratio
1:1
Columella
3-5mm
Mentocervical angle
80-95 degrees
Ear protrusion
20-30 degrees
helix to mastoid skin
15-25 mm
Maximum phonation time N.V.
15-25 seconds (female)
25-35 seconds (male)
Nasal Septum measurement in Filipinos
- 9 mm (cephalic edge)
- 3 mm (dorsum edge)
- 4 mm (caudal edge)
- 1 mm (ventral edge)
mucus blanket renewal
10-15 mins
ciliary beat frequency
10-15 secs
cilia density
200 cilia/um2
normal mucociliary clearance
less than 30mins
olfactory epithelium area in young adults
2 to 5 cm2
Cummings 7E p587
sound travels at a rate of ____ at dry air
340 m/s
Holdaway’s H angle
ideally 10 degrees
describes degree of soft tissue protrusion of the maxilla relative to the mandible
nasion-pogonion | pogonion-most anterior portion of lip
Presence of an air-fluid level or a thickening of the prevertebral tissue at C2 of more than _____ in a child or more than ___ in an adult indicate retropharyngeal infection.
ADULT > 7mm
CHILD > 5mm
Presence of an air-fluid level or a thickening of the prevertebral tissue at C6 of more than _____ in a child or more than ___ in an adult indicate retropharyngeal infection.
ADULT > 22mm
CHILD > 14mm
