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ENT board review > Mind-numbing Numbers > Flashcards

Mind-numbing Numbers Flashcards

1
Q

TSH normal value

A

0.5 to 5.0 mIU/L

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists guidelines changed their normal range for TSH to 0.3 - 3.04 mIU/L

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2
Q

Free T4 normal value

A

0.9 to 1.9 ng/dL

or 12 to 30 pmol/L

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3
Q

Free T3 normal value

A

130 to 450 pg/dl

or 2.0 to 7.0 pmol/L

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4
Q

Total T4 normal value

A

5.0 to 12.0μg/dL

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5
Q

Total T3 normal value

A

60 to 180 ng/dL

or 0.92 to 2.76 nmol/L

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6
Q

Ionized Calcium normal value

A

4.4-5.2 mg/dL

or 1.1-1.3 mmol/L

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7
Q

Total Calcium normal value

A

8.6-10.3 mg/dL

or 2.2-2.6 mmol/L

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8
Q

Serum Thyroglobulin normal value

A

5-25 ng/mL

alternate source: 0-60 ng/mL

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9
Q

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in serum normal value

A

Electrophoresis:
10 - 24 mg/dL

Radioimmunoassay (RAI):
1.3 - 2.0 mg/dL

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10
Q

Daily iodine requirement

A

100 mcg per day

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11
Q

Levotyroxine full replacement dose for young, otherwise healthy adults (nonmalignant conditions)

A

1.6 μg/kg/day

repeat TSH measurements with dose adjustment every 4 to 6 weeks (four to six half-lives of T4)

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12
Q

Levotyroxine full replacement dose for known coronary disease, those with multiple coronary risk factors, and elderly patients who may have previously silent coronary disease

When to repeat testing?

A

conservative therapy: 25 μg/day initial dose

repeat TSH measurements with dose adjustment every 4 to 6 weeks (four to six half-lives of T4)

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13
Q

Levotyroxine full replacement dose for post-thyroidectomy for thyroid CA

A
  1. 1 μg/kg/day

* mean T4 dose required to achieve euthyroidism is generally higher

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14
Q

DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:

at birth

A 
cricopharyngeus - 7
aorta - 12
left bronchus - 13
hiatus - 17
cardia - 18
greater curvature - 23
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15
Q

DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:

2 years old

A 
cricopharyngeus - 9
aorta - 14
left bronchus - 15
hiatus - 18
cardia - 19
greater curvature - 27
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16
Q

DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:

3 years old

A 
cricopharyngeus - 10
aorta - 15
left bronchus - 16
hiatus - 21
cardia - 22
greater curvature - 30
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17
Q

DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:

6 years old

A 
cricopharyngeus - 11
aorta - 16
left bronchus - 18
hiatus - 24
cardia - 25
greater curvature - 33
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18
Q

DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:

10 years old

A 
cricopharyngeus - 12
aorta - 17
left bronchus - 20
hiatus - 26
cardia - 27
greater curvature - 36
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19
Q

DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:

14 years old

A 
cricopharyngeus - 14
aorta - 21
left bronchus - 24
hiatus - 33
cardia - 34
greater curvature - 43
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20
Q

DISTANCE TO ESOPHAGEAL LANDMARKS:

adult

A 
cricopharyngeus - 16
aorta - 23
left bronchus - 27
hiatus - 38
cardia - 40
greater curvature - 53
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21
Q

resonant frequency of concha

A

around 5300 Hz

22
Q

resonant frequency of external auditory canal

A

around 3000 Hz

23
Q

What is the minimum Air Bone Gap a 512 Hz Tuning Fork can detect when used in Rinne Test ?

A

minimum of 30dB (mild CHL)

24
Q

What is the minimum Air Bone Gap a 256 Hz Tuning Fork can detect when used in Rinne Test ?

A

minimum of 15dB

25
Q

What is the minimum Air Bone Gap a 1026 Hz Tuning Fork can detect when used in Rinne Test ?

A

minimum of 45dB (Moderate CHL)

26
Q

Weber is a sensitive test. How many decibels difference between the ears is sufficient to lateralise the Weber?

A

5 dB difference

27
Q

adult ear canal volume

A

0.5 - 2 cm3

28
Q

children ear canal volume

A

0.3 - 1.5 cm3

29
Q

Nasofrontal angle

A

115-135 degrees

30
Q

Normal Intercanthal Distance

A

Female: 25.5 to 37.5 cm
Male: 26.5 to 38.5 cm

31
Q

Nasofacial Relationship

A

Female: 95-110 degrees
Male: 90-95 degrees

32
Q

Nasofacial Angle

A

30-40 degrees (ideal 36)

33
Q

Nasomental Angle

A

120-132 degrees

lips should be posterior to this line (4mm upper lip; 2mm lower lip)

34
Q

Nasal Rotation and Projection

A

Simon’s Method :

Goode Method : 0.55-0.66 ratio

3-4-5 Triangle (Lanser & Crumley) : hypothenuse in nasal length (5), short arm is projection (3)

Baum ratio : 2:1 (nasion-subnasale:perpendicular line to tip)

Powell and Humphries: 2.8:1

35
Q

alar to tip ratio

A

1:1

36
Q

Columella

A

3-5mm

37
Q

Mentocervical angle

A

80-95 degrees

38
Q

Ear protrusion

A

20-30 degrees

39
Q

helix to mastoid skin

A

15-25 mm

40
Q

Maximum phonation time N.V.

A

15-25 seconds (female)

25-35 seconds (male)

41
Q

Nasal Septum measurement in Filipinos

A
  1. 9 mm (cephalic edge)
  2. 3 mm (dorsum edge)
  3. 4 mm (caudal edge)
  4. 1 mm (ventral edge)
42
Q

mucus blanket renewal

A

10-15 mins

43
Q

ciliary beat frequency

A

10-15 secs

44
Q

cilia density

A

200 cilia/um2

45
Q

normal mucociliary clearance

A

less than 30mins

46
Q

olfactory epithelium area in young adults

A

2 to 5 cm2

Cummings 7E p587

47
Q

sound travels at a rate of ____ at dry air

A

340 m/s

48
Q

Holdaway’s H angle

A

ideally 10 degrees

describes degree of soft tissue protrusion of the maxilla relative to the mandible

nasion-pogonion | pogonion-most anterior portion of lip

49
Q

Presence of an air-fluid level or a thickening of the prevertebral tissue at C2 of more than _____ in a child or more than ___ in an adult indicate retropharyngeal infection.

A

ADULT > 7mm

CHILD > 5mm

50
Q

Presence of an air-fluid level or a thickening of the prevertebral tissue at C6 of more than _____ in a child or more than ___ in an adult indicate retropharyngeal infection.

A

ADULT > 22mm

CHILD > 14mm

ENT board review (7 decks)

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