Min tenta Flashcards

1
Q

Earlier burden of diseases studies placed causes of death and DALYs into three categories. Name them:

A

Group 1: Communicable diseases, maternal and perinatal conditions, nutrional disorders.
Group 2: Non communicable diseases - sjukdomar som inte sprids från ex. människa till människa.
Group 3: Injures, including among other things road traffic accidents, falls, self-inflicted injuries and violence

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2
Q

Environmental determinants of health would include:
Access to safe drinking water
Tobacco consumption
Genetic inheritance
Level of education?

A

Access to safe drinking

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3
Q

The leading cause of death globally for females of all ages is:

A

Ischemic heart disease

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4
Q

Your goal as a minister of finance should be to:

A

Spend little on health and get a lot in return

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5
Q

Which of the following comments about malnutrition is false:
- Malnutrition can reduce cognitive development
- Malnutrition can reduce physical development
- Malnutrition has no connection to infection
- Malnutrition can have deleterious impacts on health

A

Malnutrition has no connection to infection

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6
Q

In general, and taking into account all age groups, who are more susceptible to TB?

A

Men

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7
Q

99% of annual deaths for children under age of five take place in:

A

Low- and middle-income countries

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8
Q

WHO defines an adolescent as a person:

A

10-19 år

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9
Q

The eradiction of disases refers to:

A

There no longer being any cases or transmission in the world

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10
Q

Three of the five leading causes of death from communicable diseases globally are:

A

Lower respiratory infections, TB, HIV

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11
Q

Which of the following are true?
- Cancer takes the same forms among men and women
- The rates of different forms of cancer are the same in different regions
- The rates of different forms of cancer differ by region
- Cancer follow no particular pattern globally

A

The rates of different forms of cancer differ by region

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12
Q

Diseases to which resistance is a significant issue include:
TB
Malaria
Gonorrhea
All of these

A

All of these

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13
Q

A primary risk factor for diabetes is:

A

Lack of physical activity

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14
Q

A consistent issue in humanitarian relief in health has been:
- Coordination of relief efforts across agencies
- Ensuring that this work is done professionally
- Ensuring that this work is done in evidence-based ways and is as cost-effective as possible
- All of these are correct

A

All of these are correct

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15
Q

In high-income countries, what is the approximate distribution or percentage of the under-five child deaths among neonates?

A

On average for high-income countries this figure is close to 70%.

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16
Q

Explain this approximate distribution or percentage:

A

I höginkomstländer gör medicinsk tillgänglighet, teknologi och tjänster det möjligt för barn att överleva sina första levnadsår på grund av t.ex. vaccinationskampanjer, hälsofrämjande, sjukdomsförebyggande, bra kost etc. Men neonatal död hos de mest utsatta nyfödda är fortfarande en utmanande medicinsk aspekt även i höginkomstländer.

17
Q

Provide three examples of social and cultural norms that supports violence against women (VAW). Explain those examples:

A
  1. Könsstympning - en kulturell och social norm som bidrar till svårt lidande för kvinnor. Både smärtsamt men kan också ge både livshotande och livslånga komplikationer.
  2. Utbildning - kvinnor får inte möjlighet att utbilda sig vilket gör att man som kvinna inte kan vara självständig utan är beroende av en man, en man som kanske misshandlar en. Kvinnor som inte får någon utbilding har ingen möjlighet att skaffa sig ett jobb som gör att de kan klara sig själva och kan därför inte lämna sin man som våldför sig mot henne.
  3. Män som gifter sig med flickor (barn) - i vissa kulturer är fortfarande barngifte en norm vilket gör att flickor blir utsatta för övergrepp redan som barn. Detta leder också till att unga flickor blir gravida och livshotande komplikationer kan uppstå på grund av att barnet är för ungt för att bära och föda ett barn.
18
Q

One Health (OH) is the intersection of three areas of health, name those three areas of health

A

Environmental health
Human health
Animal health

19
Q

Describe three examples showing the relevance of One Health (OH) in the context of refugee health (make sure that these examples include the intersection of these three areas of health).

A

Human, Enviromental & Animal Health

Behandlingsavbrott kan öka risken för läkemedelsresistenta infektioner. Avloppsvatten är en reservoar för patogener och många smittas pga dåliga sanitära förhållanden. Svårt att tillämpa en god hygien vilket leder till smittspridning av ex. kolera.

Trångboddhet gör att det är svårt att bryta smittkedjan, blir en smittad blir snabbt fler också smittade.

Många flyktningsamhäller förlitar sig på boskap för att hjälpa till med självförsörjning vid matinsamling men nära levande interaktioner mellan människor och djur kan också leda till ökad risk för zoonetiska sjukdomar.