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State vet. final > Min. questions > Flashcards

Min. questions Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Definition of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
A

Those that have:

  • been in contact with animal that died of/was diseased with/was suspected of being diseased with anthrax 20 days prior to confirmation
  • consumed feed/water of same origin as animal that died of/was diseased with/was suspected of being diseased with anthrax
  • grazed on pasture infected with anthrax wo/ vaccination
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2
Q
  1. Definition of animals diseased with anthrax
A
  • typical clinical signs
  • characteristic lesions in organs at PM/meat inspection
  • demonstrated disease by lab. findings
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3
Q
  1. Official measures in case of animals diseased with anthrax
A
  • Official surveillance initiated if disease is confirmed + animals separated into 3 groups:
    1. Diseased and suspected of being diseased
    2. Suspected of being infected
    3. Other susceptible animals
  • Group 1 must receive immediate obligatory treatment, change feedstuff, drinking water, and strictly no grazing
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4
Q
  1. Official measures in case of animals suspected of being infected with anthrax
A
  • Receive vaccination followed by 14 days of observation
  • Cattle + horse: take rectal temp. + record every day
  • Sheep/goat/pig: daily observation
  • If fever/CS is detected -> animals are regarded as “Suspect of being diseased” and must receive obligatory treatment
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5
Q
  1. Rules of taking samples in case of FMD suspicion
A
  • 1 g tissue of epithelium of unruptured/freshly ruptured vesicle (most preferred)
  • placed in transport medium with pH of 7.2-7.4 + kept at 4C at transport
  • if a vesicle sample is not possible:
    1. saliva, blood and/or esophageal-pharyngeal fluid can be used in ruminants and pigs
    2. myocardial tissue or blood can be submitted from fatal cases
  • transported to auth. labs according to international regulations
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6
Q
  1. Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of FMD
A
  • trade of vaccinated animals is prohibited
  • vaccinated animals from tested herds may be moved within member state
  • system of traceability excludes them from community trade

Emergency vaccination

  • classification of herds
  • animals are clearly identified and registered, must not be moved
  • specific measures in the vaccination zone on movement of other products and animals
  • clinical and serological survey

Protective vaccination

  • regionalization of the vaccination zone
  • second surveillance zone: 10km

Suppressive vaccination

  • immediate stamping out strategy
  • ensure min. spread of the virus during disposal of infected animals
  • carried out only within the protection zone and on clearly identified holdings
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7
Q
  1. Rules of recovery of FMD free status if no vaccination has been used
A
  • may be recovered if control + eradication measures laid down for protection + surveillance zone have been effective and lifted
  • AND at least 3 months elapsed since last recorded outbreak
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8
Q
  1. Definition of officially brucellosis-free bovine herd
A
  • no CS: 12 months
  • no vaccination: 3 years
  • animals introduced: from officially free
    herds or tested within 30days
  • all animals over 12m: two serological tests (6-12m interval)
  • regular testing (every year)
  • general measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, separate calving, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)
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9
Q
  1. Definition of positive single intradermal tuberculin test
A
  • if clinical signs are observed

- OR there is an increase of 4 mm or more in the thickness of the fold of skin at the injection site

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10
Q
  1. Definition of negative single intradermal tuberculin test
A
  • if only limited swelling is observed with an increase of not more than 2 mm in the thickness of the fold of skin without clinical signs such as diffuse or extensive oedema, exudation, necrosis, pain or inflammation of the lymphatic ducts in that region or of the lymph nodes
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11
Q
  1. Definition of positive comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A
  • a positive bovine reaction which is more than 4 mm greater than the avian reaction
  • OR the presence of clinical signs
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12
Q
  1. Definition of negative comparative intradermal tuberculin test
A
  • a negative bovine reaction
  • OR a positive/inconclusive bovine reaction which is equal to or less than a positive or inconclusive avian reaction and the absence of clinical signs in both cases.
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13
Q
  1. Definition of tuberculosis free bovine herd
A
  • no CS last 12 months
  • all animals over 6w tested neg. at 2 official intradermal tuberculin tests
    1st: 6m after removal of last infected animal
    2nd: 6-12m later
  • animals introduced: from free herd or tested (within 30 days)
  • meat inspection/lesion: compulsory investigation
  • (Two)yearly tuberculin testing of all animals over 12 months
  • general measures (isolation of the holding, record of comp. laboratory examinations, control of movements of visitors, animals, vehicles, control of dogs and cats on the holding etc.)
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14
Q
  1. Definition of officially enzootic-bovine-leukosis-free herd
A

1) no evidence of the disease in the herd (clinical signs or lab tests) + not been any confirmations in the previous 24 months
2) animals > 24 months have tested negative at least 2 times in the last 12 months, taken 4 months apart

3) new animals taken into the herd
- from an officially free herd
- Or from an establishment where it has not been detected in the last 24 months:
- - Animals > 24 months had 2 negative tests 4 months apart while in isolation OR negative serological test (30 days before introduction)
- - Animals < 24 months have mothers that had 2 negative serological tests, taken in the last 12 months with at least 4 months apart

4) germinal products of bovine animals introduced are from establishments free from EBL or from an approved germinal product establishment

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15
Q
  1. Definition of IBR-virus free bovine herd
A
  1. Last 12m: no confirmed case of IBR
  2. Last 2y: none of animals has been vaccinated against IBR
  3. Serological test (Ig-E if vaccinated):
    - blood/milk/meat juice sample from each animal over a period of max. 1 year
    - blood/milk/meat juice sample taken on 2 occasions2-12m interval
    - - all female bovine over 12m, all male bovine intended for breeding over 12m + random sample of male Ø intended for breeding over 12m
    4) Animals introduced:
    - from free herd + have tested neg. on serological test
    - OR was in quarantine prior + have tested neg. on serological test
    5) germinal products introduced from free herds or approved germinal product establishments
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16
Q
  1. Maintenance of IBR-virus free status in bovine herd
A

(- All animals >6m tested every 12m

  • Animals for slaughter: test before transport
  • Dairy herd: milk test in every 6m
  • Aborted animals: test 3-6w after abortion
  • Only animals originating from free herds are introduced (test 2x, 21 days interval))
  • the general requirements continue to be fulfilled
  • serological testing with negative results (BoHV-1-IgE if DIVA vaccination before)
    • on blood/milk/meat juice samples taken annually from all bovine animals > 24 months of age (bulk milk samples 3x w/ max. interval 3m);
  • control of all bovine animals that are introduced (from free establishment, tests)
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17
Q
  1. Definition of specified risk material in bovine animals
A
  • the skull excl. the mandible and incl. the brain + eyes + spinal cord of animals > 12 months
  • the vertebral column excl. the vertebrae of the tail, the transverse processes of lumbar + thoracic vertebrae + wings of the sacrum, but incl. dorsal root ganglia + spinal cord of animals > 30 months,
  • the tonsils, last four meters of the SI, caecum and mesentery of animals of all ages
18
Q

Definition of specified risk material in ovine and caprine animals

A
  • the skull incl. brain + eyes, tonsils, spinal cord of animals > 12 months OR have a permanent incisor erupted through the gum, and
  • the spleen + ileum of animals of all ages.
19
Q

Definition of “cohort” in case of confirmation of BSE

A
  • group of bovine animals that were:
    1) born in the same herd within 12 months before/after the birth of the affected cattle
    2) OR reared together w/ affected animal at ANY time during 1st year of their life + may have consumed the same feed as the affected animal during 1st year of life
20
Q
  1. Official measures in case of confirmation of ASF on a holding
A
  • all the pigs killed + carcasses processed
  • all contaminated material (meat, semen, ova) or waste must be destroyed/processed/treated
  • cleaning + disinfection of all premises, vehicles and equipment under official supervision
  • meat of pigs slaughtered from possible introduction of disease until taking of official measures shall be traced and processed under official supervision
21
Q
  1. Official measures in case of confirmation of CSF on a holding
A
  • all the pigs killed + carcasses rendered
  • any material (meat, sperm, ova) or waste contaminated is destroyed/rendered/processed
  • cleaning + disinfection under official supervision
  • meat of pigs slaughtered during probable introduction of disease and the taking of official measures shall be traced and processed under official supervision
  • epidemiological inquiry
22
Q
  1. Official measures in case of confirmation of CSF in feral pigs
A
  • determination of the infected area
  • official surveillance on the pig holdings in the area
  • official census
  • isolate domestic pigs from feral pigs
  • no pigs enter or leave the holding without authorisation
  • written plan of measures taken to eradicate the disease in the infected area
  • collection of information on the:
    • geographical distribution of disease;
    • information campaign to increase hunters’ awareness of the measures taken
    • approx. number of feral pigs populations in and around the infected area;
    • method of removal of feral pigs found dead or shot
23
Q
  1. Use of vaccination in case of confirmation of CSF
A
  • preventive CSF vaccines is prohibited
  • the Member State concerned may submit emergency vaccination plan to Commission for farm + feral pigs
  • marker vaccine: a vaccine that can elicit a protective immunity distinguishable from the immune response elicited via natural infection based on laboratory tests
24
Q
  1. Definition of Aujeszky disease infection free swine herd
A
  • no vaccination: 12 m
  • no infection: 2 years
  • epidemiological conditions (e.g. isolation, controlled movements, laboratory examinations, records)
  • testing of all breeding sows and boars and representative sample of fattening pigs
  • insemination or natural breeding with negative semen/boars
25
Q
  1. Definition of animals diseased of equine infectious anemia
A
  • typical clinical signs or
  • non-typical clinical signs but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serology (interval: 21 days)
  • pathology, histopathology
26
Q
  1. Definition of animals suspected of being contaminated with equine infectious anemia
A
  • kept within 90 days with diseased or suspected of being diseased animals
  • no clinical signs but 2 inconclusive or 1 positive serology (interval: 21 days)
27
Q
  1. Evaluation of ophthalmic test in case of glanders
A
  • 24 hours rest
  • 0.2 ml mallein dripped onto the conjunctiva
  • evaluation: 8-12 or 16-24 hours:
    • positive: swelling, purulent discharge
    • inconclusive: mucous discharge
    • negative
28
Q
  1. Official control measures in case of confirmation of African horse sickness outbreak
A
  • informing the public about restrictions
  • killing of infected horses
  • disposal of carcasses and animal waste
  • strict disinfection
  • 20 km zone: official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of dogs, killing of diseased dogs
  • epizootic inquiry
  • taking into account epidemiological, geographical, climatic conditions
29
Q
  1. Definition of a potentially rabid animal
A
  • an animal that shows the symptoms of the disease
  • an animal that is symptomless but has been bitten by a rabid or potentially rabid animal
  • a wild mammal that behaves strangely or attacks humans
30
Q
  1. Definition of a potentially rabies-infected animal
A
  • an animal that has or may have contacted a rabid or potentially rabid animal within the last 90 days
31
Q
  1. Definition of rabies-risky animal
A
  • any mammal that has attacked or bitten humans

- dog not vaccinated against rabies according to regulations

32
Q
  1. Official measures with potentially rabid animals
A
  • domestic animals or susceptible animals in captivity shall be killed
    OR be put under official monitoring for 90 days (if keeper/owner wants to)
  • show CS: insp. daily
  • Ø CS: insp. weekly
  • stray/wild animals shall be killed + official veterinarian shall be informed without delay.
33
Q
  1. Official measures with potentially rabies-infected animals
A
  • official monitoring for 90 days.
    CARNIVORE:
    – monitored by separation at place of keeping, insp. 1x every 3rd week
    – OR if safe separation not possible: an official place.
    NON-CARNIVORE
    – inspected 1x every 3 weeks. During the monitoring period, the animal is tied + separated to avoid contact with humans or other animals.
34
Q
  1. Official measures with rabies risky animals
A
  • official monitoring for 14 days + dogs receive microchip at the owner’s cost (if not having one)
  • end of the monitoring: the animal vaccinated if they Ø have valid vaccination
  • carnivore: monitored at the dog keeper’s or any site suitable to prevent contact w/ humans/other animals
  • showing CS: inspected daily until fully recovered
  • Ø showing CS: inspected weekly.
  • non-carnivore: monitored at the place of their keeping or separation
  • prohibited to slaughter, treat or attempt to treat any rabies risky animal
35
Q
  1. Rules of preventative vaccination of dogs against rabies
A
  • owner/keeper must pay for vaccination of dogs over 3m of age
  • 1st: within 30 days after turning 3 months
  • 2nd: 6m after 1st
  • booster yearly
  • must be microchipped for vaccine to be valid
36
Q
  1. Public health measures in case of rabies
A
  • official vet. must notify regional medical auth. if:
    • confirms rabies or potential rabies;
    • becomes aware of the fact that a rabid or potentially rabid or potentially rabies-infected animal has bitten (attacked) any person.
  • detection of wound caused by dog/cat/wild animal must be notified in writing (eps. name + address of animal keeper) to the official vet. auth. -> enforce necessary measures
  • autopsy/head removal for diagnostic purpose: wear protective clothing
37
Q
  1. Official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease in a holding
A
  • all poultry killed on the spot
  • carcasses and eggs destroyed
  • any substance or waste contaminated are destroyed or treated
  • meat of poultry slaughtered during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed
  • hatching eggs laid during the presumed incubation period is traced and destroyed; poultry that hatched from such eggs: official surveillance
  • cleaning and disinfection
  • reintroduction: at least 21 days after the end of the disinfection operations
38
Q
  1. Official measures in case of confirmation of Newcastle disease in pidgeons
A
  • apply of control + eradication measures provided for the poultry OR
  • a ban movement of the pigeons / birds kept in captivity: at least 60 days
  • destruction/treatment of any matter or waste likely to be contaminated;
  • epizootiological inquiry
  • use of swill prohibited as food
  • contingency plan
39
Q
  1. Rules of lifting restrictions ordered in case of scabies
A
  • need observation period:
  • sheep:
    • if < 2 cm wool: 42 days after dipping
    • if > 2 cm wool: 70 days after 2x dipping
    • if other means of treatment: 42 days
  • other species: 42 days after 2x treatment
40
Q
  1. Official control measures with rabbit flocks diseased with viral hemorrhagic disease
A
  • movement restrictions, slaughter prohibited; killing the rabbits
  • proper disposal of carcasses
  • in case of valuable flock: diseased killed + healthy vaccinated - movement restrictions and vaccination continued next 6 months

State vet. final (2 decks)

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