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English Language Year 1 > MILLS term 1 > Flashcards

MILLS term 1 Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

How many different ways does David Crystal believe that you can say yes

A

9

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3
Q

What are the 6 language levels?

A
  • Discourse
  • Lexis and Semantics
  • Grammar and Morphology
  • Pragmatics
  • Graphology
  • Prosodics and Phonetics
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4
Q

What does Discourse mean?

A
  • The genre
  • The type
  • The form
  • The context

It is what the text is and the format it is presented

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5
Q

What is Lexis and Semantics?

A

Words and their meanings, what group the word belongs in

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6
Q

What is Grammar and Morphology?

A
  • Syntax
  • Word class
  • Word order
  • Structural patterns
  • Shaped of sentence, clauses and phrases
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7
Q

What does Pragmatics mean?

A

The practical applications and context of implied meanings

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8
Q

What does Graphology mean?

A 
How the text looks
•Bold
•Underlined
•Size
•Italics
•Colour
•Font
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9
Q

What does the word affix mean?

A

To add a prefix or a suffix

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10
Q

What are morphemes?

A

Smaller units within a word

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11
Q

What is the name for smaller units with a word?

A

Morphemes

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12
Q

What is a free morpheme?

A

The root word. A word that can stand on its own

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13
Q

What is a bound morpheme?

A

A prefix is a suffix. A morpheme that only makes sense when it is attached to a free morpheme

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14
Q

What is deictic expression?

A

Understanding based on context

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15
Q

What is semantics?

A

Surface level meaning

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16
Q

How many women suffer from domestic violence in the UK according to the Royal Infirmary?

A

1/3

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17
Q

What percentage of domestic violence starts or worsens in pregnancy? According to whom?

A

30%

Lewis and Drife

18
Q

How many women loose their job each year as a result of pregnancy discrimination?

A

30,000

19
Q

What percentage of sports media is dedicated to women’s sport?

A

5%

20
Q

What is sex?

A

The physical and biological characteristics that make you either male or female

21
Q

What is Gender?

A

The behaviours, traits and activities that make you masculine or feminine

22
Q

What is a marked term?

A

A profession or a state that anyone can do but when a woman does it they add the word ‘lady’ or ‘woman’ or ‘female’ before or after. Like a ‘lady doctor’
It mirrors societies hierarchical structure of stereotypical gender roles

23
Q

What is semantic derogation?

A

Adding the suffixes ‘ess’ and ‘ette’. This overt marking conveys negative connotations to female kind

24
Q

What is asymmetrical Lexis? And who researched this?

A 
Lexical gender word pairs that have different connotations 
Wizard vs Witch
Bachelor vs Spinster
Cameron (1990)
Mills (1995)
Schulz (1975)
25
Q

How many terms are there for a sexually promiscuous women compared to men?
Who discovered this?
Which gender has positive connotations of promiscuity and which gender has negative connotations

A 
220 terms for a woman
20 terms for a man
Mills (1995) and Stanley (1995)
Men positive
Women negative
26
Q

What did Fairclough believe?

Give the year

A

Texts about gender should be read through a lease if that socio-culture
(1989)

27
Q

Women only speak __% more than mean do according to _____ ____

A

0.11%

Janet Hyde

28
Q

What is covert prestige?

A

Deliberately dumbing down your speech

29
Q

What is overt prestige?

A

Talking up to sound more intellectual

30
Q

What did Trudgill (1974) find about differences between gender speach

A

Men use Covert Prestige whereas women is Overt Prestige

31
Q

What features does Lakoff (1975) believe characterise female talk?

A

•Tag questions
•Fillers
•Empty adjectives
•Precise colour terms such as taupe and ‘magenta’
•Standard grammar
•More polite forms than men (for example,
euphemisms are used more widely such as ‘powder my nose rather than go to the toilet.)
Avoidance of taboo lexis, opting for a weak
expletive e.g. ‘oh, sugar!
•Rising intonation on declaratives such as “it’s really amazing
•Emphatic stress on specific words ‘it’s a GORGEOUS dress’

32
Q

What are Prosodics and Phonetics

A
  • Tone
  • Pitch
  • Volume
  • Speed
  • rhythm

Ultimately it is how speech and sounds are articulated

English Language Year 1 (2 decks)

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