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Anatomy > Miller's Anatomy Review > Flashcards

Miller's Anatomy Review Flashcards

Ortho anatomy review

1
Q

Brachial plexus location

A

Runs between anterior and middle scalene muscles and deep to pectoralis minor

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2
Q

Pre vs post fixed brachial plexus

A

Pre fixed = cord starts more proximal, post fixed more distal

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3
Q

Erb’s point

A

Convergence of C5 and C6, point involved in Stingers

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4
Q

Pre-ganglionic injury

A

Proximal to DRG, poor prognosis, rhomboid paralysis, rotator cuff dysfunction, Horner syndrome, elevated hemi-diaphragm, EMG = absent motor but intact sensation

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5
Q

Post-ganglionic injury

A

EMG: motor AND sensory not intact, total plexus injury has worse prognosis, Klumke is bad, Erb’s is best prognosis

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6
Q

Musculocutaneous nerve pierces coracobrachialis how far

A

3-8cm from coracoid tip

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7
Q

Sites of radial nerve compression

A

“FLEAS” Fascial band at radial head, Leash of Henry, ECRB, Arcade of Frohse (proximal edge of supinator), Supinator distal edge

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8
Q

Median nerve sites of compression

A

“SPLAT” Supracondylar process/ligament of Struthers, Pronator teres, Lacetus fibrosis, FDS aponeurosis, Transverse carpal ligament

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9
Q

Ulnar nerve sites of compression

A

Arcade of Struthers, medial intermuscular septum, medial epicondyle, Osborne’s ligament, FCU heads, anconeus epitrochlearis

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10
Q

Guyon’s canal zones of compression

A

Zone I: sensory and motor, Ganglion cyst or hamate fracture. Zone 2: motor only, Ganglion cyst or hamate fracture. Zone 3, sensory only, ulnar artery thrombosis or aneurysm

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11
Q

Ulnar nerve paradox

A

Proximally innervated FDP causes clawing when intrinsics are out in distal ulnar nerve palsy

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12
Q

Medial scapular winging

A

Long thoracic nerve injury

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13
Q

Lateral scapular winging

A

Spinal accessory nerve injury, commonly associated with neck surgery

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14
Q

Supraspinatus footprint

A

12-13mm

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15
Q

Most harmful phase of throwing for rotator cuff

A

Deceleration

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16
Q

Teres major innervation

A

Lower subscapular nerve

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17
Q

Quadrangular space

A

Axillary nerve, posterior circumflex passes between T. minor, T. Major, long head of triceps and humerus

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18
Q

Triangular space

A

Circumflex scapular artery passes between T. minor, T. major and long head of triceps

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19
Q

Triangular interval

A

Radial nerve, profunda brachii pass between T. major, long head of triceps and humerus

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20
Q

Judet approach interval

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

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21
Q

Anterior bundle of UCL stabilizes valgus stress in what degrees of motion?

A

30-90 degrees

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22
Q

When does posterior bundle of UCL tighten

A

Flexion

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23
Q

Elbow flexion with most supination strength

A

90 degrees

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24
Q

Distribution of load seen in radius vs ulna proximal and distal

A

Proximal: 60% radius, 40% ulna, distal 80% radius, 20% ulna

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25
Q

Diseases with positive ulnar variance

A

Ulnar abutment syndrome, TFCC tears and Medelung deformity

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26
Q

Disease with negative ulnar variance

A

Keinbock’s

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27
Q

Components of TFCC

A

Dorsal/volar radioulnar ligaments, articular disc, meniscus homologue, ECU subsheath

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28
Q

Proximal carpal row movement with radial deviation

A

Flexes, extends in ulnar deviation

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29
Q

Where does the lunate dislocate through

A

Space of Poirier, weak spot in volar wrist ligaments

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30
Q

VISI vs DISI

A

VISI seen in SL injury, DISI in SL injury

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31
Q

Chronic zone I extensor tendon injury

A

Mallet finger

32
Q

Chronic zone III extensor tendon injury

A

Boutonniere deformity

33
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

T12-L4, anterior surface of quadratus lumborum

34
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4-S3

35
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-L4, lies between iliacus and psoas, largest branch of lumbar plexus, enters deep to inguinal ligament

36
Q

Sephenous nerve

A

Terminal sensory branch of the femoral nerve

37
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2-L4, exits pelvis via obturator canal

38
Q

Peroneal nerve

A

L4-S2, most lateral division of sciatic nerve

39
Q

Tibial nerve

A

L4-S3, medial division of sciatic nerve

40
Q

Pectineus innervation

A

Obt/femoral nerve

41
Q

Adductor magnus innervation

A

Obt/tibial nerve

42
Q

Biceps femoris innervation

A

Long head = tibial nerve, short head = peroneal nerve

43
Q

MFCA landmark

A

Comes off deep femoral artery, then adjacent to Quadratus femoris and piriformis fossa (ascending branch)

44
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

Oriented vertically and resists shear forces

45
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

Resists external rotation

46
Q

Greater sciatic notch content

A

Piriformis, originates off ventral surface of scacrum, then travels through the notch, sciatic nerve likely deep to it, SGA, SGN, IGA, IGN, pudendal nerve etc

47
Q

Lesser sciatic notch content

A

Obturator internus, sciatic nerve likely superficial to it, nerve to obturator internis, pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels, these exit greater notch and re-enter lesser notch

48
Q

Corona mortis

A

Anastamosis from external iliac artery to obturator 6cm lateral to pubic symphysis

49
Q

Safe zone for SGN

A

5cm proximal to greater trochanter

50
Q

Hamstring attachment

A

Semimembranosus more proximal and lateral on tuberosity, conjoint tendon consists of semitendinosus and biceps femoris is more distal and medial

51
Q

Ilioinguinal approach

A

Anterior column, anterior wall fractures. 3 windows relative to IP and vessesl. Lateral window lateral to iliopsoas. Middle window is between IP and EIA. Medial window medial to EIA. Stoppa modification is a more extensive medial window.

52
Q

Medial approach to hip interval

A

Adductor longus and gracilis, mostly seen in kids

53
Q

Meniscus with highest weight bearing burden

A

Lateral 70%, medial 30%

54
Q

Ligament of Humphrey and Wrisberg

A

Lateral meniscus posterior horn attachment to PCL

55
Q

ACL size

A

33mm x 11mm

56
Q

ACL bundles on femur

A

AM is proximal, PL is distal, separated by bifurcate ridge

57
Q

ACL bundles on tibia

A

Named for attachment position on tibia

58
Q

PCL size

A

38mm x 13mm

59
Q

PCL bundles on femur

A

AL anterior on femur, PM posterior on femur

60
Q

PCL bundles on femur

A

PM distal, AL proximal

61
Q

sMCL attachments

A

Proximal and posterior to medial epicondyle, 5-7cm distal to joint line

62
Q

POL function

A

Primary stabilizer against internal rotation and valgus from 0-30 degrees, test with Slocum test (knee externally rotated 30 degrees and anterior drawer performed)

63
Q

LCL isometric?

A

No, tighter in extension

64
Q

LCL attachment

A

Proximal and posterior to lateral epicondyle of femur, most anterior attachment on fibular head (then PFL, then biceps femoris)

65
Q

Popliteus attachment

A

Distal anterior and deep to LCL on femur, 18.5mm apart

66
Q

PCL isometric?

A

No, larger resistence to ER as knee flexes more, hence dial test positive for PCL with greater flexion to 90 degrees

67
Q

Patella stabilizers

A

0-30 degrees = MPFL, trochlea takes over at 30 degrees of flexion

68
Q

Medial layers of the knee

A

1) Sartorial fascia, saphenous nerve on its posterior border

69
Q

Basset’s ligament

A

Thickening of AITFL that can cause impingement pain in ankle sprains

70
Q

ATFL and CFL are tight in:

A

ATFL in plantarflexion, CFL in dorsiflexion

71
Q

Spring ligament

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament, stabilizes longitudinal artch of foot and acts as hammock for talar head

72
Q

Knot of Henry

A

FHL is HIGHER than FDL when they cross at knot of Henry

73
Q

Primary blood supply to talar body

A

Artery of tarsal canal, retrograde flow

74
Q

PTT locks foot by what mechanism

A

When foot is everted, the TN and CC joints are parallel and foot is supple. When PTT fires, TN and CC are not longer parallel and the foot is rigid

75
Q

Tarsal tunnel

A

Tibial nerve travels between FDL and FHL

76
Q

Baxter’s nerve

A

1st branch of the LPN

Anatomy (1 decks)

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