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NCLEX-RN® > NCLEX-RN (8) Pediatrics > Milestones > Flashcards

Milestones Flashcards

Review milestones for children.

1
Q

What are the normal vital signs for a newborn?

A
  • HR 120-160
  • RR 30-60 breaths per min
  • BP 85/45
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2
Q

What are the normal vital signs for a 1 year old?

A
  • HR 90-130
  • RR 20-40 breaths per min
  • BP 90/55
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3
Q

What are the normal vital signs for a toddler?

A
  • HR 80-120
  • RR 20-30 breaths per min
  • BP 90/55
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4
Q

What are the normal vital signs for a preschooler?

A
  • HR 70-110
  • RR 16-22 breaths per min
  • BP 90/55
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5
Q

What are the normal vital signs for a school-aged child?

A
  • HR 60-100
  • RR 18-20 breaths per min
  • BP 105/56
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6
Q

What are the normal vital signs for an adolscent?

A
  • HR 55-90
  • RR 12-20 breaths per min
  • BP 120/70
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7
Q

At what age can a baby be started on solid foods?

A

Between 4 - 6 months.

Examples: mushy rice cereal, fruits and vegetables.

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8
Q

At what age can whole milk or honey be given?

A

After the child turns 1 year old.

Milk doesn’t have the correct nutrients before 1 year old.
There is a risk of botulism with honey before 1 year old.

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9
Q

What foods are prohibited before 3 years old?

A

No small or hard foods before 3 years old due to risk of choking.

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10
Q

At what age does the birth weight double?

A

At 5 - 6 months.

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11
Q

At what age does the baby’s birth weight triple?

A

At 12 months.

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12
Q

When does separation anxiety begin, peak, and begin to end for babies?

A
  • starts at 6 months
  • peaks at 10 - 18 months
  • starts to decrease by 2 - 4 years old

Allow parents to stay at hospital as much as they’d like.

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13
Q

What is object permanence?

A

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen or perceived.

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14
Q

At what age does object permanence begin?

A

At 8 - 9 months.

Before 8 months, if an object is covered, the baby thinks the object doesn’t exist.

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15
Q

What is the best toy for an infant?

A

A musical or visual mobile.

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16
Q

What age is appropriate for toys such as rattles, stuffed animals or a large picture book?

A

3 - 6 months old

Discourage stuffed animals in the hospital due to risk of infection.

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17
Q

At what age is it appropriate to play peek-a-boo, and play with large plastic rings or a ball?

A

6 - 9 months old

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18
Q

At what age do children start to build with blocks?

A

9 - 12 months old

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19
Q

What do 1 - 3 years old like to play with?

A

Wagon, push-pull toy or a large ball.

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20
Q

What is parallel play?

A

When children play next to each other, but not with each other.

It occurs at age 1 - 3 years old.

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21
Q

What do 3 - 6 year olds like to play with?

A

“Imaginative play”.

Dress-up, puppets, playdoh, large trucks, coloring books/crayons, chalk, large puzzles, dancing, jumping, swinging.

22
Q

What is cooperative play?

A

Playing with others.

It starts at around age 3.

23
Q

How do 6 - 12 year olds like to play?

A
  • collect things like cards or rocks
  • very creative and like to build
  • competitive with winners and losers
24
Q

What do 12 - 20 year olds like to do?

A

They like to be with their friends and develop independence.

25
Q

What age can toilet training start?

A

At 1 - 3 years old.

Children usually don’t become fully toilet trained until 5 - 6 years old.

26
Q

When is a child ready to start toilet training?

A
  • understands why they need to use the toilet
  • has good sphincter control
  • walks well
  • can pull pants up and down
27
Q

What is the average age for the start of menstruation?

A

12 ½ years old.

28
Q

Why do adolescents need extra sleep?

A

There are growth spurts during adolescence so they sleep a lot.

29
Q

What are adolescents at higher risk for?

A

Accidents and getting sexually transmitted diseases due to risk-taking behavior.

Teach to be safe by using seat belts, helmets, and contraceptives; and to stay away from drugs and alcohol.

30
Q

What is therapeutic play?

A

Used with children to help them feel in control, release tension, and to understand the situation.

Example: Playing with puppets to understand what to expect when having a surgery.

31
Q

What is regression in regards to children?

A

When the child reverts to an earlier development stage in order to cope with a medical problem.

Example: A school-aged child starts bedwetting or playing with baby toys.

32
Q

What are some home safety interventions for toddlers?

A

Childproof the home due to toddlers becoming mobile:

  • cover electrical outlets
  • use gates on stairs
  • pad corners
  • locks on toilet lids and cupboards
  • medicines/poisons are put on high shelves or in locked cabinets
  • hot water heater set a < 120 F (49 C)
  • no hot liquids within reach
  • turn handles in on stoves
33
Q

How much sleep does a neonate need daily?

A

14-17 hours a day.

34
Q

How much sleep does an infant need daily?

A

12-16 hours a day.

35
Q

How much sleep does a toddler need daily?

A

11-14 hours a day.

36
Q

How much sleep does a preschooler need daily?

A

10-13 hours a day.

37
Q

How much sleep does a school-aged child need daily?

A

9-12 hours a day.

38
Q

How much sleep does a adolescent need daily?

A

8-10 hours a day.

39
Q

How much sleep does an adult need daily?

A

7-9 hours a day.

40
Q

How should the nurse respond to a dying child that is asking about death?

A
  • explain the reasons for death
  • encourage the child to talk about the death
  • provide explicit permission to die
41
Q

At what age can a baby attempt to hold their head up and gaze into their primary caretaker’s face?

A

1 month old

42
Q

At what age can a baby gain head control, hold a rattle, make cooing sounds, smile and recognize faces?

A

2 - 3 months old

43
Q

At what age can a baby switch objects from hand to hand, roll over, put things in mouth, laugh and can be calmed by a parent’s voice?

A

4 - 5 months old

44
Q

At what age can a baby wave bye-bye, the first teeth come in and starts to develop separation anxiety and a fear of stranger?

A

6 - 7 months old

45
Q

At what age can a baby sit without support, stand up straight, crawl, use a crude pincher grasp and develop object permanence?

A

8 - 9 months old

46
Q

At what age can a baby go from prone to sitting, walk while holding on to furniture and say 3-5 words?

A

10 -11 months old

47
Q

At what age can a child walk alone, crawl up stairs, and make a tower of 2 blocks?

A

14 - 15 months old

48
Q

At what age can a child turn the pages of a book?

A

2 years old

49
Q

At what age can a child skip, hop, jump on one foot and put their own clothes on?

A

3 - 4 years old

50
Q

At what age can a child drink from a cup, take a few steps without falling, use a 2-finger pincher grasp and obey simple commands?

A

12 - 13 months old

50
Q

What is used to track height and weight of a child?

A

Growth chart

NCLEX-RN (8) Pediatrics (14 decks)

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