Milestones

Question 1

What are you looking for in a gross motor assessment of an infant?

Answer 1

180 degree manouvre
Lying on back - assess tone, posture
Pull up by hands to sit - assess head lag (should be minimal by 3mo)
Sit - should sit unsupported by 9mo
Lift onto tummy - do they keep head above body (by 3mo)
Place on tummy - do they lift their head (3mo), push up onto arms (3mo, straight arms 6mo), attempt to roll onto back (6mo), attempt to crawl (7-9mo)

Question 2

What do you do to assess gross motor in an older child?

Answer 2

Watch as they play
Assess gait, running, stand on one leg (3), hopping (4-5), skipping (5-6)
Bending down to retrieve objects
Climbing onto chair, throw/kick ball

Question 3

How do you assess language in children?

Answer 3

Infants - laughin (6mo), cooing/babbling (9mo), 2-3 words with meaning by 12mo
Older children - 2-3 word phrases (2yrs), plurals/pronouns (3yrs), ask to name body parts/pictures (expressive) or point to body parts (receptive)

Question 4

How do you assess personal-social development in children?

Answer 4

Infant - social smiling 6-8wks
Stranger danger (6-18mo)
Peekaboo (9mo)
Wave bye (12mo), knows name (12mo)

Older children

• Demonstrate brushing teeth, use a cup (16mo)
• Use spoon (2yrs)
• Imaginative play 4yrs
• Plays with rules (5yrs)

TOILET - 2yrs dry by day, 3yrs dry by night

Question 5

How do you assess fine motor development in children?

Answer 5

Infants: hold rattle (4mo) raking grip, bring to midline (4mo), transfer (5-6mo), pincer grip (9-12mo), bang blocks together (12mo), scribble (18mo)
Older children: tower of blocks (2yrs), straight lines (2yrs), circle (3yrs), cross/triangle/people (4-5yrs)

Question 6

What are the primitive reflexes to look for in infants? When do they disappear?

Answer 6

Rooting (birth-4mo)
Sucking (birth-4mo)
Grasp (birth-3mo)
Moro/startle (birth-4mo)
Galant (birth-4/6mo)
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (birth-6mo)
Babinksi/plantar - positive/upgoing with spreading of toes (birth-~12mo)
Placing/stepping (birth-6wks)

Question 7

What are the developmental milestones for a newborn?

Answer 7

Gross: turns head to side 
Vision: fixing and following for 90o
Fine motor: 
Social: 
Hearing/speech: variable response to sounds

Question 8

What are the developmental milestones for a 6 week old?

Answer 8

Gross: Lifts head, reducing head lag
Vision: fixes and follows for 90o, looks at mother’s face, window
Fine motor:
Social: smiling
Hearing/speech: soft noises when happy, quietens in response to close sounds

Question 9

What are the developmental milestones for a 3 month old?

Answer 9

Gross: raises from belly onto arms, head above midline when suspended, sits with straight back
Vision: Follow faces
Fine motor: holds rattle placed in hand, hands clasp in midline
Social: happy response to happy situations
Hearing/speech: turns head toward sound

Question 10

What are the developmental milestones for a 6 month old?

Answer 10

Gross: ROLLS onto back, pull to sit with straight back, bounces on standing with support
Vision: looks at everything
Fine motor: TRANSFERS, reaches out
Social: LAUGHS, stranger danger begins
Hearing/speech: visually locates sounds

Question 11

What are the developmental milestones for a 9 month old?

Answer 11

Gross: CRAWLS, stands holding support, sits unsupported, pulls to stand
Vision: watches activities from across the room
Fine motor: pincer grip is developing, offers but cannot release
Social: looks for objects that fall out of sight, attracts attention
Hearing/speech: deliberate vocalisation for communication, tuneful BABBLE

Question 12

What are the developmental milestones for a 12 month old?

Answer 12

Gross: WALKS with one hand held
Vision:
Fine motor: PINCER GRIP refined, throws things on floor, POINTING
Social: CLAPPING, know name, comprehends simple instructions
Hearing/speech: 2-3 words with meaning

Question 13

What are the developmental milestones for a 18 month old?

Answer 13

Gross: JUMPS with both feet, walks backwards
Vision:
Fine motor: scribble, screws caps, small tower
Social: loves containers, indicates toilet needs, knows 2-3 parts of body
Hearing/speech: 6-20 recognisable words, understands many more

Question 14

What are the developmental milestones for a 2 year old?

Answer 14

Gross: RUNS, kicks, tip-toe
Vision:
Fine motor: Copies straight line and circles, larger tower
Social: Parallel play, dry by day
Hearing/speech: ++ increase in words, naming things, 2-3 word phrases

Question 15

What are the developmental milestones for a 3 year old?

Answer 15

Gross: rides tricycle, standing on one foot, straight line
Vision:
Fine motor: copies circle, scissors
Social: sharing/interactive play, dry by night, count to 5
Hearing/speech: knows name and sex, PLURALs, TENSE

Question 16

What are the developmental milestones for a 4 year old?

Answer 16

Gross: HOPS
Vision: colours
Fine motor: Copies cross, draws men with 3 parts
Social: +imaginative play, undressing
Hearing/speech: QUESTIONS

Question 17

What are the developmental milestones for a 5 year old?

Answer 17

Gross: SKIPPING
Vision: 
Fine motor: copies square, triangle
Social: RULES of play, washes self, dress self
Hearing/speech: