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Growth and Development > Milestones > Flashcards

Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are positive clues to developmental delay?

  1. No head control by 2 months
  2. Fisting beyond 3-4 months
  3. Primitive reflexes persisting past 3 months
  4. No 3 word phrases by 2 years
  5. Echolalia beyond 30 months
A
  1. NO: head control is expected by 3 monhts, so at 2 months this is ok.
  2. YES: Fisting shoudl go away by 3-4 months.
  3. NO: Primitive reflexes may persist up to 6 months normally.
  4. NO: By age 2, you should expect at least 50 words and 2 word phrases (not 3 word).
  5. YES: Echolalia should not persist beyond 2.5 years (30 months).
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2
Q

An infant is seen for 6 month well child check and is observed to still have fisting. Should this infant be referred for further developmental screening?

A

Yes. The hands should be opened up by 3-4 months.

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3
Q

A 2 year old’s mother reports he has 40-50 words and speaks in 1-2 word phrases. Should he be referred for developmental delay?

A

No. By age two, they should have 50 words and speak in 2 word phrases.

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4
Q

A 3-year old’s father states his daughter often just repeats back things he says to her instead of engaging in conversation. Should this child be referred?

A

Yes: Echolalia should resolve by 30 months of age.

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5
Q

A newborn’s mother is worried about when she can stop worring about her daughter’s head control. When should her infant be expected to have good head control?

A

By 3 months of age.

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6
Q

What is the formula for mid-parental height?

A

(MOM + DAD ± 13) ÷ 2

The average of mom and dad’s height shifted by 13 cm up or down based on gender.

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7
Q

When should height compared to birth length be expected to:

  1. Be at least 1.5x
  2. Double
  3. Triple

What is the expected growth velocity before puberty?

A
  1. 12 months
  2. 4 years
  3. 13 years

2 cm/year until puberty.

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8
Q

At what ages should weight in relation to birth weight be expected to:

  1. Double
  2. Triple
  3. Quadruple

What is the expected velocity of weight gain thereafter until puberty?

A
  1. 4 months
  2. 12 months
  3. 24 months

2.5 kg per year until puberty.

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9
Q

You are seeing a 12 month old for his 1 year well-child check and you note her weight is double her birth weight. Is this of concern?

A

YES: By 12 months, weight should have TRIPLED. Doubling is expected at 4 months.

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10
Q
  1. Head circumference is expected to change at what rate(s) in the first 12 months?
  2. When should brain weight double?
  3. Triple?
A
  1. Rapid growth 0.5 cm/week for the first 2 months. 1 cm/mo for the next 12 months.
  2. 6 months
  3. 12 months
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11
Q

By 4 months, an infant should have no head lag when pulled to sitting. By what age would you expect an infant to anticipate being lifted?

A

6 months

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12
Q

By what age should an infant be able to roll front-to-back?

A

4-5 months

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13
Q

By what age should an infant be able to roll back-to-front?

A

5-6 months

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14
Q

A normally developing infant can now roll back-to-front. What is his most likely age?

A

6 months (assuming you’re seeing him at his well-child check.)

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15
Q

By what age should an infant be able to sit:

  • With support
  • Without support
A
  • 6 mo
  • 7 mo
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16
Q

An infant is being seen at his 12 month checkup and he still has trouble sitting without support. Should he be referred?

A

YES: Infants should sit without support by 7 monhts.

17
Q

What is the expected height for a girl who’s father is 182 cm and mother is 152 cm?

A

(182 + 152 - 13) / 2 = 160.5 cm

18
Q

In constitutional growth delay, is normal adult height achieved?

A

Usually there is a rapid catch-up growth period and the person achieves predicted height.

19
Q

Failure to thrive can be defined by growth curve percentiles. What are the concerning findings for:

  • Single growth curve points
  • Series of growth curve points
A
  • SINGLE
    • Weight < 3rd percentile
    • Weight for height < 5th percentile
    • Weight 20% or more below ideal weight for height
  • SERIES
    • Weight gain < 20 g/day from 0-3 months
    • Weight gain < 15 g/day from 3-6 months
    • Downward crossing of >= 2 percentiles
20
Q

At what ages should the following reflexes be extinguished?

  1. Moro
  2. Palmar
A
  1. Absent by 3-4 months.
  2. Absent by 203 months.
21
Q

An infant is examined for a well-child check. The child is developing normally. The parachute reflex is present. What is the minimum age of this infant most likely to be?

A

6 months

The parachute reflex is present by 6-9 months.

22
Q

When does separation anxiety usually develop and when does it usually resolve?

A
  • 6 months
  • After 12 months
23
Q

A peds intern is assisting in the routine exam of a newborn baby and says, “Oh look, he already has a social smile.” What should you tell the intern?

A

Social smile doesn’t develop until 1-2 months. It depends on further vision development.

24
Q

At what age do you expect use of cup and spoon well?

A

15 months

25
Q
  1. A normally developing child can make a stack of 4 blocks. What do you expect his age to be?
  2. Her cousing is also developing normally and can do just 2 cubes. What is his expected age?
A
  1. 18 months
  2. 13 months
26
Q

Normal or abnormal? A 3 year old runs in clinic but is uncoordinated.

A

Possibly abnormal. Running well should be present by age 2.

27
Q

By what age should a child be able to take stairs one foot per stair at a time?

A

4 years

28
Q

Normal or abnormal? A two year old can jump up with both feet leaving the ground but cannot skip or hop on one foot.

A

Normal

  • Skipping doesn’t appear until age 5.
  • Hopping on foot appears at age 4.
29
Q

A normally developing male shows off his new trick of balancing on one foot. What is his minimum likely age?

A

3 years

If he can balance 6-10 seconds, likely 4 years old.

30
Q

Normal or Abnormal? A mother is concerned her child doesn’t wave “bye-bye.” The child is 7 months old.

A

Normal.

This doesn’t usually develop until 10 months.

31
Q

A four year girl old cannot tell fantasy from reality, cannot speak in four word sentences, cannot tie shoe laces, and can get dressed but can’t do buttons very well. For which if these issues should the child be referred?

A
  • For speach problems. By this age she should speak 4 word sentences.
    • Age 1.5-2 years: 2 word sentences
    • Age 2-3 years: 3 word sentences
    • Age 3-4 years: 4 word sentences
  • Fantasy from reality develops at age 5.
  • Tieing shoes develops at age 5.
  • Getting dressed, but not being able to do buttons in back is normal in her case, and children should be able to dress themselves for the most part by age 3.
32
Q
A

Growth and Development (4 decks)

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