Milestone 2 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
CA intractable (hard to deal with) pain- plan of care
most common?
A
- Opioid therapy (morphine, fentanyl, codeine, oxycodone, hydromorphone). IV and oral.
- Most common plan of care is palliative sedation
2
Q
Valve replacement teaching
pig vs cow life expectancy
INR draws
what to report
what to monitor
teach necessity for what before any invasive procedure- even to dentist
A
- Pig- lifelong; cow 3 months.
INR- NR test measures the time for the blood to clot.
done weekly to determine if dose should be increased or decreased to maintain therapeutic range
- Report bruising and excessive bleeding
-Teach the necessity for prophylactic antibiotic therapy before any invasive procedure (Even to the dentist)
-Weight monitoring
3
Q
Cushing syndrome
what happens to cortisol
physical appearance- sx
effects on glucose levels
meds for tx
A
-Hypersecretion of cortisol (hydrocortisone) by the adrenal gland
- Moon-faced appearance
- Hyperglycemia
- Weight gain, slow healing of minor cuts, and bruises.
- Thin skin
- Muscle wasting and osteoporosis
- Hirsutism (excessive growth of hair on the face)
- Ecchymoses (bruises) and striae develop
-Dexamethasone
-Ketoconazole (adrenal enzyme inhibitor)
4
Q
End of life plan of care
A
-Make them comfortable
-Manage pain.
-Palliative and hospice care.
-No life saving efforts.
5
Q
Acute respiratory distress priority findings
A
-**Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to decreases in lung function
-Secondary to ARDS as manifested by difficulty breathing, restlessness, increased respiration rate, shortness of breath, arterial pH of less than 7.35, and increased PaCO2 in arterial blood.
-Respiratory assessment
-Sp02
-Hypoxia
-Retractions
-Cyanosis
-Decreased or no breath sounds
-Possibility for mechanical breathing
6
Q
Acute renal failure priority
A
-Correct or eliminate any reversible causes of kidney failure
-I&O
-Monitor vital signs
-Weighing
-Maintain proper electrolyte balance
7
Q
Meningitis 1st step
A
Collect specimen show to confirm pathogen
8
Q
Multiple sclerosis & urinary retention
how does the urinary retention occur
med used to tx
what may develop
holistic way to decrease retention
A
-Muscle weakness/spasticity cause urinary retention
-May need to self cath
-Baclofen (antispasmodic medication) reduce spasms and bladder spasm
-Chronic UTI
-Toileting schedule
9
Q
Chemo side effects
A
- Nausea and vomiting
- Bone marrow suppression
- Alopecia and nail loss
- Weight gain or loss
- Anorexia
- Fatigue
- Decline in functional status
- Mucositis
- “Chemo” Brain
10
Q
Addison’s crisis hypoglycemia
what is used to tx
sx
pt teaching
A
5% dextrose and normal saline (0.9%)
- The loss of glucocorticoids results in hypoglycemia with complaints of muscle weakness, lethargy, and GI symptoms including anorexia, weight loss, nausea and vomiting.
-Must take medications daily
11
Q
Fractured femur dim pulses
A
-Difficulty moving the leg.
-Inability to stand or walk.
-Pain
-Edema
-Bruising.
-Deformity (abnormal shape) of the thigh
12
Q
Dialysis –> HTN –> edema
why does this occur?
What labs to monitor
A
- Kidneys are no longer removing wastes and extra fluid from the body effectively, edema will arise.
- Swelling
-SOB
-Weight gain
HTN
-Monitor the Na and K
13
Q
Cirrhosis –> ascites –> dyspnea
how does this happen?
A
- Ascites enlargement causes difficulty breathing
-Edema will have fluid trapped in the body closes to affected area leading to dyspnea
14
Q
Alcoholic hepatitis teaching
A
- Start detox in order to completely stop drinking alcohol and may need an alcohol treatment program.
- Eat a low sodium diet, avoid infections, use over the counter medications carefully
15
Q
Acute pancreatitis assessment
how to tell if caused by gallstone
turners vs cullens sign
when is pain worse?
amylase/lipase levels high or low?
A
-Severe abdominal pain radiating to the back
-If caused by gall stone, jaundice
-Abdominal guarding and distention
-N/V
-Fever, agitation
-Ecchymosis in the flank (turners sign) or umbilicus (cullens sign)
-Respiratory distress, renal failure, and shock are possible
-Pain worsens with eating and supine position
-Serum amylase and/or lipase levels at least three times the normal level
16
Q
Stroke areas of effects
A
17
Q
Compartment syndrome- care
sign of damage?
if suspected, what should I do?
A
-Loosen restrictive clothing
-Perform neurovascular check for the 6 P’s
-Notify the physician
-If numbness and tingling is a sign damage
18
Q
Cardiomyopathy care plan
A
-Administer supplemental oxygen
19
Q
CVA expressive aphasia
what is it
how to speak to pt
A
Occurs when there is damage to the part of the brain that controls speech production (Broca’s area)
-Language disorder that affects your ability to communicate
-Left side of the brain that control speech and language.
-Keeping your language clear and simple.
-Giving the person time to speak and formulate thoughts = give the person time to take in what you say and to respond.
-Using short phrases and sentences to communicate.
-Reduce background noise/distractions.
20
Q
Guillain barre- what to assess
A
-Deep tendon reflexes
-Breathing (SpO2)
-Degree of muscle weakness
-Neurosensory for numbness and tingling
-Ability to swallow and speak
-Bowel and bladder
-History of viral illness
21
Q
Glaucoma signs and symptoms
A
-Pressure or pain in the eyes
-Visual disturbances
-Headaches
-Seeing halos around lights
-Loss of peripheral vision
22
Q
PE report findings
A
-Shortness of breath. This symptom typically appears suddenly and always gets worse with exertion.
-Chest pain. You may feel like you’re having a heart attack.
-Cough. The cough may produce bloody or blood-streaked sputum.
-Decreased O2
23
Q
Diabetes insipidus
labs na+
sx- Urine specific gravity
A
-Lack of ADH
-Polydipsia
-Nocturia
-Low urine specific gravity
-Polyuria
-Dehydration
-Confusion
-Hypernatremia
-Tachycardia
-Hypotension
24
Q
Normal Sinus Rhythm
A
25
Pulmonary edema first action
Administer O2
26
ABG findings- respiratory acidosis
-Respiratory acidosis is a clinical disorder in which the pH is less than 7.35 and the PaCO2 is greater than 45 mm Hg
-Respiratory acidosis is due to inadequate excretion of CO2 with inadequate ventilation, resulting in elevated plasma CO2 concentrations
27
Chronic kidney disease & metabolic acidosis
Healthy kidneys remove acid from the body through urine and they keep the right amount of bicarbonate (base) in the blood. But in CKD, the kidneys can't remove enough acid, which can lead to metabolic acidosis.
28
Tetralogy of fallot complications
-Blood clots (which may be in the brain causing stroke)
-Infection in the lining of the heart and heart valves (bacterial endocarditis)
-Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
-Heart failure.
-Blue baby
-Death
29
Hemophilia safety
-No contact sports
-Exercise to strengthen joint and protect
-Soft bristle toothbrushes
-Medical alert bracelet
-Medication administration routine
30
24-hour baby with jaundice- how to care
When cleared up- formula vs breast fed
Devices used
-Usually clears up within 2 weeks in formula-fed babies
-More than 2 to 3 weeks in breastfed babies
-Close monitoring - lab draws
-Billi lights or blanket
-No clothes only diaper when using therapy devices
31
RhoGam refusal- what to teach mom
when is given
what happens if baby is Rh positive
-Can impact the health of your baby and those of future pregnancies
-given Between 26 and 28 weeks of pregnancy
-If your baby is Rh-positive at birth the mother will need a second shot
32
Scoliosis post op
teaching- standing, driving, sleping
-Avoid standing for long periods of time doing ironing, cooking, washing, or other activities for 6 to 8 week
-No driving for a minimum of 8 weeks
-Sleeping on your back or your side as you heal from spine surgery
33
Slipped femoral capital epiphysis- sx
When child will be able to return to sports post op
-Problems walking.
-Limping.
-Mild pain in the hips, groin or around the knees.
-Severe pain that makes children stop putting weight on the leg that hurts.
-Stiffness in the hip.
-Less movement than usual in the hip.
-Will be able to return to most sports and activities at approximately 3-6 months post-operatively
34
Hydrocephalus
priority plan of care
common sx- infants
-Preventing injury.
-Maintaining skin integrity.
-Preventing infection.
-Maintaining growth and development.
-Reducing family anxiety.
-Poor feeding. The infant with hydrocephalus has trouble in feeding due to the difficulty of his condition.
-Large head. An excessively large head at birth is suggestive of hydrocephalus.
-Bulging of the anterior fontanelles. The anterior fontanelle becomes tense and bulging, the skull enlarges in all diameters, and the scalp becomes shiny and its veins dilate.
-Setting sun sign. If pressure continues to increase without intervention, the eyes appear to be pushed downward slightly with the sclera visible above the iris- the so-called setting sun sign.
-High-pitched cry. The intracranial pressure may increase and the infant’s cry could become high-pitched.
-Irritability. Irritability is also caused by an increase in the intracranial pressure.
Projectile vomiting. An increase in intracranial pressure can cause projectile vomiting.
35
Cystic fibrosis teaching
-Avoid lung infections
-Encourage washing hands with soap and water or sanitizer after using the bathroom, coughing, sneezing, or playing outside at recess.
-Balanced diet high calorie
36
Engorgement teaching
-Apply a frozen wet towel, cold gel or ice packs, or bags of frozen vegetables to your breasts for 15 minutes at a time every hour as needed
-Wear tight bras that press on your breasts
-Take NSAIDs for swelling
37
IUGR ultrasound (Intrauterine growth restriction)
how detected?
sx of fetus/infant
risk
A condition in which a baby doesn't grow to normal weight during pregnancy.
-Will detect if the fetus has proper growth in accordance to amount of blood and oxygen supply
-low oxygen levels
-High level of distress during labor and delivery
-Increased risk of infectious disease after birth
38
Diarrhea diet
BRAT diet: Bananas, Rice (white), Applesauce and Toast
-Try to determine the underlying cause
-Slowly rehydrate
-Rehydrate with items rich in calories water may not be enough
-Do not give antidiarrheal medication want the virus run its course and not stay inside
39
Seizures child
-Padding of side rails and other hard objects
-Side rails raised on bed at all times when child is in bed
-Oxygen and suction at bedside
-Supervision, especially during bathing, ambulation, or other potentially hazardous activities
-Use of a protective helmet during activity may be appropriate.
-Child should wear a medical alert bracelet.
40
Boggy uterus actions
-Massage and administer uterotonics to increase uterine contraction
-Give oxytocin
-Make sure the bladder is empty
41
Variable deceleration actions
-Repositioning of the mother can relieve this compression if it is minor
-Administer oxygen
-Stop Oxytocin (Pitocin)
-Check for vaginal cord prolapse
42
Shoulder dystocia actions- how to deliver
malposition during childbirth
-Fracture of the collarbone or upper arm
-Nerve damage affecting the shoulders, arms, hands or fingers
-Brain damage or speech disability
-Suprapubic pressure to maneuver the baby out
-May need to be used vacuum extractor or forceps during delivery
-Instruct the woman to flex her thighs sharply on her abdomen (McRobert’s maneuver) to widen the pelvic outlet and allow the anterior shoulder to be born.
-Applying suprapubic pressure can also help the shoulder out from beneath the symphysis pubis.
43
Fetal tachycardia
Defind
Cause
Position
Administer
Meds
-Above 160 bpm after a contraction
-Caused by decreased fetal oxygen supply
-Turn client onto left side
-Discontinue oxytocin (Pitocin) if infusing.
-Administer O2 at 10 L by tight facemask.
-Bolus IV fluids
-Notify health care provider
44
Prolapsed cord care
-obstetric emergency
-Call for help immediately and do not leave the woman
-Place a sterile gloved hand into the vagina and holds the presenting part off the umbilical cord until delivery.
-Changing the woman’s position to a modified Sims, Trendelenburg, or knee–chest position also helps relieve cord pressure.
45
Placenta abruption
Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus
-Fetus is in jeopardy due to lack of O2 supplied placental connection
-Administer O2
-Left lateral position
-Bedrest or C-section
-Uterine contraction
-Uterine tenderness
-Vaginal bleeding
-Fetal distress, or premature labor
46
Intussusception
Disorder where the intestine telescopes (folding into self)
-Disorder in infants and children
-Bloody jelly like stool
-Diarrhea
-Vomiting
-Fatigue, lethargy, or loss of appetite
-Sausage-like lump in the abdomen
47
Pyloric stenosis symptoms
-Weight loss.
-Ravenously hungry despite vomiting.
-Lack of energy.
-Fewer bowel movements.
-Constipation
-Projectile vomiting occurs within minutes after eating.
-Frequent, mucous stools
-Palpate for a hard, moveable “olive” in the right upper quadrant
48
RSV distress
- Irritable, distressed infant
- Paroxysmal coughing
- Poor eating
- Nasal congestion
- Nasal flaring
-IV fluids
-Suction on standby
- Prolonged expiratory phase of respiration
- Wheezing, rales can be auscultated
- Deteriorating condition that is often indicated by shallow, rapid respirations
49
Infant congenital heart defect assessments
- Murmur (present or absent; thrill or rub)
- Cyanosis, clubbing of digits (usually after age 2)
- Poor feeding, poor weight gain, failure to thrive
- Frequent regurgitation
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Activity intolerance, fatigue
The following are assessed:
- Heart rate and rhythm and heart sounds
- Respiratory status/difficulty
- Pulses (quality and symmetry)
- Blood pressure (upper and lower)
- Feeding difficulties; tires easily
50
Febrile seizures teaching
-Buccal and intranasal midazolam
-Intranasal lorazepam
-Administration of rectal diazepam at the onset of a seizure
-Any recurrent seizure activity will require prompt medical attention.
-Postictal period is often seen when the child appears drowsy. The seizure is likely to have stopped by the time a child receives medical attention. Diagnosis is made based on a thorough history and physical examination, accompanied by a determination of the source of the fever.
51
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
-Appears early in childhood between the ages of 2 and 3
-Primarily affects boys but can affect girls in rare cases
-Muscle weakness that begins in the muscles close to the body and later affects muscles in the outer limbs
-Often have difficulty running, walking, or jumping. They may have a waddle in their gait or enlarged calves.
-The heart and respiratory muscles can be affected, causing difficulty breathing and eventually acute respiratory failure.
52
Sickle cell first sign of crisis
-Pain
-Edema
-Decreased SPO2
-Low grade fever
53
Thrombocytopenia labs
-A normal platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood.
-Having less than 150,000 is known as thrombocytopenia
-Check for Hepatitis B and C
54
General anesthesia - post anesthesia care
-Neurological Assessment
-Vitals
-Respiratory
-LOC
-Pain management
55
Uroliathiasis lithotripsy
-A procedure that uses shock waves to break up stones in the kidney and parts of the ureter
-Monitor urine after (see stone particles amount or urine and blood)
-Administer pain medication
56
Seizure unconscious patient
-Maintain airway (roll on side)
-Cushion head
-Loosen restrictive clothing
-Suction ready
-Keep them safe away from objects
-Document seizure (time and behavior
-IV medications as soon as possible
57
Pre op labs which is abnormal
58
GERD instructions
-Stay at a healthy weight
-Don't lie down after meals.
-Don't eat late at night.
-Raise the head of your bed by 4 to 6 inches
-Don't wear tight-fitting clothes.
-Don't eat foods that cause GERD
-Encourage small, frequent meals
59
Arterial insufficiency diabetic
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) happens when buildup on the walls of blood vessels causes them to narrow
-Most likely to develop in the legs
-Asymptomatic
-Claudication
-Critical limb ischemia
-Acute limb ischemia
-Cause for amputation if not treated
60
Ulcerative colitis bloody diarrhea
- Blood or Pus with diarrhea followed by a period of constipation
-Constant diarrhea
-LLQ abdominal pain
-Pseudopolyps that resemble stilagtes
-Causes irritation and ulcers (open sores) in the large intestine.
61
Asthma triggers
-Tobacco Smoke
-Dust Mites
-Outdoor Air Pollution
-Pests (e.g., cockroaches, mice)
-Pets
-Mold
-Cleaning and Disinfection
62
IBD peritonitis
- Long term inflammation from IBD can put the patient at risk of a bowel perforation and therefore peritonitis.
- Symptoms: Tenderness, Distension, Rigidity, Anorexia, Nausea, Vomiting, Fever
63
COPD treatment
-Teach diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing
-Administer O2 at 1 to 2 L per nasal cannula
-Albuterol= short acting inhaler
-Activity pacing
- Teach prevention of secondary infections.
- Teach about medication regimen
- Smoking cessation is imperative
64
Type I DM tight control
-A1c greater than 7
-Blood sugar greater than 130
-Can only use insulin to control blood sugars
65
Prostatic hyperplasia
-TURP: surgical procedure of clearing the swelling
-Increased frequency of voiding, with a decrease in amount of each voiding
- Nocturia
- Hesitancy
- Terminal dribbling
- Decrease in size and force of stream
- Acute urinary retention
- Bladder distention
- Recurrent UTIs
-Frank red blood after surgical treatment
-Tamsulosin is first line treatment
66
PUD NGT
-Decompression
-For the stomach to rest
-Blood is irritating to the stomach and needs to be removed.
67
Rheumatoid arthritis pain
-Morning stiffness lasting more than 30mins
-Bilateral joint swelling
-Low grade fever
-Rheumatoid factor (RF)
-Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)
68
IV fluids hypertonic
-3% Normal Saline
-Treatment of sodium deficiency (severe hyponatremia)
-SIADH
-To treat cerebral edema
69
HF digoxin
-Do not give if HR lower than 60
-Used for atrial fibrillation
-Toxicity causes anorexia, nausea, yellowing halos in vision, vomiting and neurological symptoms.
70
Diverticulitis NPO
-Keep NPO until pain resolved
-Allows bowels to rest
-If there is a blockage nothing can get past the blocked or swollen area
-IV fluids
-May need to do suction
71
COPD oxygen flow rate
- Administer O2 at 1 to 2 L per nasal cannula
-Know the patients baseline 02 status
72
Pneumonia action
-Airway patency
-Increase fluid intake
-Encourage effective cough and deep-breathing techniques
-Vitals
-Focused respiratory assessment
73
Small bowel obstruction actions
-NPO
-Decompression = Suction
-Monitor I&O
-Monitor electrolytes
-Listen to bowels sound
-Vitals
74
Osteoarthritis exercise
-Low-impact
-Biking,
-Swimming
-Tai chi
-Yoga
-Water aerobics
75
HF symptoms
LEFT - Lungs = shortness of breath, crackles, Low oxygen saturation levels. Left ventricular failure
Right - Peripherals and organs = Enlargement of the liver, accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity may increase pressure on the stomach and intestines and cause gastrointestinal distress. Right ventricle fail, JVD and increased capillary hydrostatic pressure throughout the venous system.
76
DM poor compliance
-Target organ damage
-Diabetic retinopathy
-Coma
-Amputation
-Death
77
Gout allopurinol
-Used to treat Urolithiasis refers to stones (calculi) in the urinary tract
-For uric stones: lowpurine and limited protein diet; allopurinol (Zyloprim)
-Can trigger a gout attack because some of the crystals can dislodge into the joint as they get smaller which can cause an attack
-Can cause changes in your liver function test results
78
Diverticulosis signs and symptoms
-Left lower quadrant pain
- Rectal bleeding
- Signs of intestinal obstruction: Constipation alternating with diarrhea, Abdominal distention, Anorexia, Low-grade fever
-Out pouching but not inflamed
-Abdominal tenderness/pain
79
Hypothyroidism sleep; depression
-Affect your sleep by making you feel too cold or causing joint or muscle pain
-Irrepressible need to sleep or lapses into sleep that occur on a daily basis. Hypersomnia can occur due to an underlying medical disorder, and hypothyroidism is considered the leading cause of hypersomnia due to a disorder in the endocrine system.
-Thyroid hormone is pivotal to the creation and regulation of neurotransmitters like serotonin. Low serotonin levels are linked to depression, anxiety, and mood.
80
Complication hypertension risk
-Heart failure. With increased blood pressure, the heart pumps blood faster than normal until the heart muscle goes weak from too much exertion.
-Myocardial infarction. Decreased oxygen due to constriction of blood vessels may lead to MI.
-Impaired vision. Ineffective peripheral perfusion affects the eye, causing problems in vision because of decreased oxygen.
-Renal failure. Blood carrying oxygen and nutrients could not reach the renal system because of the constricted blood vessels.
81
Bizarre social behavior
-Lack of ego boundaries is evidenced by depersonalization, derealization (environmental objects become smaller or larger or seem unfamiliar), and ideas of reference.
-Clients may believe they are fused with another person or object, may not recognize body parts as their own, or may fail to know whether they are male or female.
82
Anorexia report findings
-Physical assessment
-Growth milestones not reached
-Induced vomiting (dental and esophageal erosion)
-Ask about foods
-Ask about self image
-Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
-Vitals signs are low (due to hypovolemia)
-Use of diuretics and laxatives
-Results from high anxiety and something to control
-Watch for OHT
83
Therapeutic relationship stages - termination
-The last phase of counseling, during which the therapist and client consciously or unconsciously work toward bringing the treatment to an end
-Termination occurs when the goals that are mutually agreed upon by the counselor and client have been achieved, or the problem for which a client has entered into counseling has become more manageable or is resolved.
84
Therapeutic communication abuse victim
-Gain trust
-Show no judgement
-Do not give advice
-Offer support
85
Obsessive compulsive disorder
-Obsessions are recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or impulses that cause marked anxiety and interfere with interpersonal, social, or occupational function. The person knows these thoughts are excessive or unreasonable but believes he or she has no control over them. But still acts on them
-CBT help along with medications
86
ADHD exam
-Reports mainly by family and teacher
-Vision and hearing test will be conducted too
-Failure to listen to and follow instructions
- Difficulty playing quietly and sitting still
- Disruptive, impulsive behavior
- Distractibility to external stimuli
- Excessive talking
-Issues in two parts of your life
- Shifting from one unfinished task to another
- Underachievement in school performance
-Onset by age 12
87
Grief priority
-Making sure the patient is safe
-Encourage independence for self-care
-Assess for risk of suicide
88
Elder abuse
-Nurses are mandated reporters for suspected elder abuse to help prevent and curtail these serious outcomes and thus are responsible for recognizing the types of elder abuse and ways it can manifest
-(1)Treat acute medical, traumatic, and psychological issues, (2) ensure patient safety, and (3) report to the authorities.
89
Anxiety suicide risk
-SSRI increased risk for suicide.
-Prozac, Zoloft, Celexa, Lexipro
-Have family be on the look out for changes in mood
-Contact PCP and go to the hospital if patient is hav
90
Self care Maslow
- 1st Physiological needs come first
- Safety is 2nd
91
Medication adverse reactions care
Haldol- extrapyramidal
-Thick tongue
-Muscle cramping
-Neuroleptic malignant syndrome = Fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, sweating, unstable BP, delirium
-Tardive dyskinesia = uncontrollable, abnormal, and repetitive movements of the face, torso, lip smacking
92
Violence handling
-Keep everyone safe
93
Aggression response
-Pacing
-Closed and opening fist
-Yelling/Loud taking
-Safety of patients and staff
-Remove the patient from everyone else
94
Domestic violence screening tool
-Safety plan
-Showing understanding and no judgment
-Establish trust
95
Methadone overdose
-Opioid overdose treatment Naloxone (multiple doses)
-Respiratory depression
-Decreased level of consciousness
-Agonal breathing=gasping for air
96
Alcohol withdrawal
-Long-acting benzodiazepines
-Develops 48 to 72 hours after cessation of alcohol and decrease within 4 to 5 days
-Delirium tremens (DTs); may appear 12 to 36 hours after last drink (Seizure precautions) Suicide and Fever
-Thiamine B1 and Folate
-Transient visual, auditory, or tactile hallucinations or illusions
*diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and clonazepam (Klonopin)
97
Dementia action reminders
-Sticky notes
-Constant reminders for ADL's
-Setting a toileting schedule to prevent accidents
-Writing notes as a reminder for the patient
98
Grief process therapeutic response
-stay with the family.
-avoid offering rationalizations
-accept families grief
-dont try and relate and say things like "i know how you feel"
-refer the family to a self-help group
-deal openly with all feelings
99
Schizophrenia
-Antipsychotic medication is first-line treatment
-Safety
-Are they able to successfully function in society
-The positive reactions will lessen and the negative lessen allowing to function in society
-Reorient them to reality
-Ensure medication adherence
-Help family recognize early signs and symptoms
