Migration to Britain

Question 1

Migration

Answer 1

Number of people leaving and entering a country

Question 2

Net migration

Answer 2

Difference between those emigrating and those immigrating

Question 3

Assimilation

Answer 3

Merger of migrant’s culture and host nation’s

Question 4

Cultural indentity

Answer 4

Culture you most closely identify with

Question 5

Integration

Answer 5

Subjective feeling of belonging to a society and its structures

Question 6

Emigration

Answer 6

People leaving their country of birth and moving to another to live

Question 7

% of ethnic diversity in Britain

Answer 7

England/wales (2011 census):
86% white
80% white, born in UK
6.8% Asians (Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Indian)
3.4% African/Caribbean
0.7% chinese

Question 8

History of migration

Answer 8

Romans, Saxons, Vikings, Normans settled in Britain
16th and 17th centuries saw many flee from France escaping religious persecution
19th century - Irish coming from Britain to escape poverty
Post WW2 - Polish amongst refugees arriving
Biggest group since 1950s are from Asia and Caribbean

Question 9

Migration in 1950s

Answer 9

Many recruited for low status and low pay work that domestic labour wasn’t filling post WW2
-London transport recruited from Barbados
-Factories from Asia
-EU has more recently looked towards Eastern Europeans to work in UK
-Immigration has only exceeded emigration since 1994

Question 10

Factors inflicting migration

Answer 10

Legislation and border control - EU free movement of people within boundaries. 1999 Immigration and Asylum act made it difficult for people to seek asylum in UK
Brexit and COVID meant less movement both in and out of UK

Globalisation - National boundaries have become less important and mass communication has allowed greater cultural awareness. Quicker transport has also increased global migration, but has also increased people trafficking

Question 11

Push factors for migration

Answer 11

To escape conflict
Political asylum

Question 12

Pull factors

Answer 12

To join family/friends
Better employment opportunities
To access state welfare provisions ,e.g. housing
To study/access education

Question 13

Issues surrounding migration

Answer 13

Ethnicity can effect family structure and demography of population
Migration is opposed by many conservative politicians - e.g. Enoch Powell ‘rivers of blood’
Integration and issues of cultural identity have been raised - to what extent should a group assimilate, what should override what in your identity?

Question 14

Emigration

Answer 14

Moving to another country to live
Most popular destinations in europe are Spain and France
Become more popular in recent years - 1 million left since 2000
Reasons: better way of life, higher standard of living, less crime, better weather

Question 15

Migration patterns and trends in UK

Answer 15

March 2019 - 2020 - 708,000 migrants
Immigrants increased population by 347,000 in this period
2020 - foreign born UK residents were 145 of population

Five largest foreign born populations are from India, Poland, Pakistan, Romania and Ireland

Of all non-EU residents who arrived in 2009, one fifth had acquired permanent residence 10 years laters, and those who arrive on family visas are more likely to stay permanently

Question 16

Impact of withdrawal from EU

Answer 16

Ended free movement from the EU
Created EU settlement scheme - permanent residence to EU citizens already living in the UK - more than 6 million applied for scheme

Question 17

Today’s migrant population

Answer 17

2011 - 2020 - 70,000 grants of protection were to national of Syria, Iran, Sudan etc
-Many EU immigrants do not stay in UK for very long, migrants form non-EU countries tend to stay longer
-Sectors of the economic have concentrated migrant patterns - workers born in India, Asia and older EU staes are more likely to have UK workers in high-skilled occupations, while those in new states are often in less skilled
Make up 30% of all hospitality workers, 28% of transport, 20% of health and social work