Migration into the UK Flashcards
What is the case study for migration into the UK?
Poland to the UK
What is the Host country?
The country that migrants move to eg UK (hosts the migrants)
What is the source country?
The country that migrants move out of eg Poland (source of the migrants)
What is the Schengen Agreement?
An agreement made between EU countries that abolished border controls to allow EU citizens to move freely between all counties that signed the agreement
What year was the Schengen Agreement enshrined?
1995
When was the EU enlarged?
2004
What new countries joined the EU when it was enlarged?
The A8
What are the A8 counties?
Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Slovenia,Czech Republic,Solvakia and Hungary
In what was is the UK not fully part of Schengen?
It still demands to see passports on arrival at UK borders
What are the A2 countries?
Romania and Bulgaria
When did the A2 counrties join the EU
2007
In what year did A8 citizen start coming to the UK?
2008
In what year did A2 citizen start coming to the UK?
2014
What are 5 costs to the source country due to Poland-UK migration?
1) ‘Brain drain’ as young skilled workers migrate
2) Population decline: from 38 million to 32 million by 2050
3) Lose of labour force, 4-5% reduction
4) Ageing population 65+ will increase by 27%
5) Exploitation as gangs prey on A8 workers
What are 5 costs to the source country due to Poland-UK migration?
1) Strain on services eg housing,healthcare,schools,transport
2) UK looses 25% of immigrants earnings = sent home
3) Growing tension in communities ‘dilute’ British culture
4) Overpopulation = homeless migrants
5) Downward pressure on wages for the lowest paid as immigrants work for cheaper
What are 3 benefits of Poland -UK migration on the source country?
1) Money sent home (remittances) £6.4 billion or 2.5% of Poland’s GNI
2) Unemployment fell to 10% in 2007
3) Poles earn higher wages in UK £6 which they send home
What are 5 benefits of Poland-UK migration on host country?
1) Influx of economically active skilled workers-80% between 18 + 34
2) Increases cultural diversity
3) Immigrants go to work in rural areas eg farms and food processing plants eg Scotland 10% of farmworkers migrants
4) Boost to economy, immigrants have contributes £5bn to UK
5) Increase in highly skilled immigrants eg doctors,dentists,lawyers,bankers etc
What immigration system does the UK have?
5 tier system
Describe the UK tier system
Tier 1: Highly skilled, no job offer required eg Doctor
Tier 2: Skilled with job offer eg Nurse
Tier 3: Low skilled from EU counties eg cleaners
Tier 4: Students
Tier 5: Temporary workers (youth mobility)
Which Tiers are the most popular and why?
Tier 1 because their is a skill gap
Tier 3 because they do jobs British people wont do
Tier 4 because they pay tuition and tend to get a job after uni
Name other immigration hotspots?
Mexico-USA
Africa- Europe (porous southern border)
South Asia -Middle East (low wage labour)
What were historic migrants to the UK
Post colonial migrants = Caribbean eg Jamaica Post WW2 migrants (1945-1980) = Asia eg India,China,Philippians Modern EU (1995-2015) = Poland,Romania, ex soviet states
What are some push factors for migration? (5 reasons)
Lack of employment War/conflicts Poverty Environmental hazards Lack of services
What are some pull factors for migration? (5 reason)
Better healthcare Political security More employment opportunities Improved housing Higher wages
