Migration into the UK

Question 1

What is the case study for migration into the UK?

Answer 1

Poland to the UK

Question 2

What is the Host country?

Answer 2

The country that migrants move to eg UK (hosts the migrants)

Question 3

What is the source country?

Answer 3

The country that migrants move out of eg Poland (source of the migrants)

Question 4

What is the Schengen Agreement?

Answer 4

An agreement made between EU countries that abolished border controls to allow EU citizens to move freely between all counties that signed the agreement

Question 5

What year was the Schengen Agreement enshrined?

Answer 5

1995

Question 6

When was the EU enlarged?

Answer 6

2004

Question 7

What new countries joined the EU when it was enlarged?

Answer 7

The A8

Question 8

What are the A8 counties?

Answer 8

Estonia,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Slovenia,Czech Republic,Solvakia and Hungary

Question 9

In what was is the UK not fully part of Schengen?

Answer 9

It still demands to see passports on arrival at UK borders

Question 10

What are the A2 countries?

Answer 10

Romania and Bulgaria

Question 11

When did the A2 counrties join the EU

Answer 11

2007

Question 12

In what year did A8 citizen start coming to the UK?

Answer 12

2008

Question 13

In what year did A2 citizen start coming to the UK?

Answer 13

2014

Question 14

What are 5 costs to the source country due to Poland-UK migration?

Answer 14

1) ‘Brain drain’ as young skilled workers migrate
2) Population decline: from 38 million to 32 million by 2050
3) Lose of labour force, 4-5% reduction
4) Ageing population 65+ will increase by 27%
5) Exploitation as gangs prey on A8 workers

Question 15

What are 5 costs to the source country due to Poland-UK migration?

Answer 15

1) Strain on services eg housing,healthcare,schools,transport
2) UK looses 25% of immigrants earnings = sent home
3) Growing tension in communities ‘dilute’ British culture
4) Overpopulation = homeless migrants
5) Downward pressure on wages for the lowest paid as immigrants work for cheaper

Question 16

What are 3 benefits of Poland -UK migration on the source country?

Answer 16

1) Money sent home (remittances) £6.4 billion or 2.5% of Poland’s GNI
2) Unemployment fell to 10% in 2007
3) Poles earn higher wages in UK £6 which they send home

Question 17

What are 5 benefits of Poland-UK migration on host country?

Answer 17

1) Influx of economically active skilled workers-80% between 18 + 34
2) Increases cultural diversity
3) Immigrants go to work in rural areas eg farms and food processing plants eg Scotland 10% of farmworkers migrants
4) Boost to economy, immigrants have contributes £5bn to UK
5) Increase in highly skilled immigrants eg doctors,dentists,lawyers,bankers etc

Question 18

What immigration system does the UK have?

Answer 18

5 tier system

Question 19

Describe the UK tier system

Answer 19

Tier 1: Highly skilled, no job offer required eg Doctor
Tier 2: Skilled with job offer eg Nurse
Tier 3: Low skilled from EU counties eg cleaners
Tier 4: Students
Tier 5: Temporary workers (youth mobility)

Question 20

Which Tiers are the most popular and why?

Answer 20

Tier 1 because their is a skill gap
Tier 3 because they do jobs British people wont do
Tier 4 because they pay tuition and tend to get a job after uni

Question 21

Name other immigration hotspots?

Answer 21

Mexico-USA
Africa- Europe (porous southern border)
South Asia -Middle East (low wage labour)

Question 22

What were historic migrants to the UK

Answer 22

Post colonial migrants = Caribbean eg Jamaica 
Post WW2 migrants (1945-1980) = Asia eg India,China,Philippians
Modern EU (1995-2015) = Poland,Romania, ex soviet states

Question 23

What are some push factors for migration? (5 reasons)

Answer 23

Lack of employment
War/conflicts
Poverty
Environmental hazards
Lack of services

Question 24

What are some pull factors for migration? (5 reason)

Answer 24

Better healthcare
Political security
More employment opportunities
Improved housing
Higher wages