Migration and Empire: Issue 2

Question 1

Irish Protestant work

Answer 1

• More educated than Irish counterparts, got jobs like Engineers in iron making firms like Bairds of Gartsherrie
• Were accepted more in the work place as they shared same religion with Scot’s, given public jobs like Train drivers in Glasgow
• Use previous skills in Scotland, Glasgow and Ayrshire they were looking for skilled weavers

Question 2

Irish Catholic Work

Answer 2

• Low skilled manual labour eg, navvies on Railways like Glasgow Subway
• Faced language barrier as they spoke Gaelic so struggled to get jobs
• Catholic in Protestant Country so discriminated against
• By 1870’s catholics were working with Protestants in workers unions

Question 3

Italian Work

Answer 3

• Nardini’s Largs, Italians set up ice cream shops and fish and chip shops in Scotland
• Opened on Sundays (Sabbath) which caused problems with local religion, but no alcohol on Sunday
• Italians established hair dressing college in Glasgow training people for work
• Shops attacked in 1939 due to Mussolini supporting Nazis

Question 4

Jewish Work

Answer 4

• Owned own businesses so didn’t interfere with Scot job market
• Imperial Tobacco Company est late 1880’s by Jacob Kramisch
• Julius Pinto owned a tailoring company in Glasgow Gorbals
• Accused of operating sweatshops

Question 5

Lithuanian Work

Answer 5

• Coal mining a popular profession for Lithuanians in Lanarkshire
• Joined trade unions to campaign for better working conditions and better wages

Question 6

Scot Reactions (Negative) Irish Catholic

Answer 6

• Church of Scotland wrote pamphlet in 1923 ‘Menace of the Irish race to our Scottish Nationality’
• Many bosses turned Irish workers away due to religion
• Protestant and Catholics fought in Streets of Glasgow in 1850’s and 1860’s which caused Scot resentment

Question 7

Scot Reactions (Positive) Irish Catholic

Answer 7

• Introduced Hibernians and Celtic football clubs in 1870’s and 1880’s

Question 8

Scot Reactions (Negative) Irish Protestant

Answer 8

• Seen to be taking Scottish jobs
• development of Orange order led to conflict which Scot’s didn’t like, 1857 300 orang men attacked by Catholics in Aidrie

Question 9

Scot Reactions (Negative) Italians

Answer 9

• Opened on Sabbath with Scots didn’t like
• Shop owners thought Italians were stealing their customers and jobs
• Normally Catholics which caused discrimination

Question 10

Scot Reactions (Positive) Italians

Answer 10

• Fish and Chips and Ice cream popular in their cafes
• Provided alternative hangouts for youths than bars which Scots liked
• Self employed in their own cafes so did t steal jobs

Question 11

Scot Reactions (Negative) Jewish

Answer 11

• Accused of operating sweatshops
• Some Scot’s didn’t like the progress Jews made instead of Scots

Question 12

Scot Reactions (Positive) Jewish

Answer 12

• Self employed so didn’t interfere with already established Scottish business or jobs eg, Tailoring

Question 13

Scot Reactions (Negative) Lithuanians

Answer 13

• Seen as strike breakers in industries like coal mining
• Seen as stealing jobs and undercutting wages
• Lanarkshire miners union offered support to those who strikes against Lithuanians
• Seen as drunks due to long wedding traditions

Question 14

Scot Reactions (Positive) Lithuanians

Answer 14

• Joined unions and campaigned for better wages and working conditions alongside Scots in left wing politics

Question 15

Assimilation (Negatives) Irish Catholics

Answer 15

• Usually settled into one area or community so didn’t assimilate as well
• Made own schools and churches, Dundee 2 Catholic Churches and 3 Schools serving 20,000
• Establishment of Orange Order made it harder to assimilate due to religion discrimination
• High level of intermarriage, 1851 Greenock 80.6% of Irish Catholics married Irish Catholics, 40 years later rate still at 71.4%

Question 16

Assimilation (Positives) Irish Catholics

Answer 16

• Joined wages and mining unions with Scots
• Introduced Hibernians and Celtic football clubs in 1870’s and 1880’s

Question 17

Assimilation (Negatives) Irish Protestants

Answer 17

• Orange order became violent causing less assimilation eg. 1857 300 Orangemen attacked by Catholics in Aidrie

Question 18

Assimilation (Positives) Irish Protestants

Answer 18

• Orange order assimilated Protestant Irish with Protestant Scots
• More educated than Irish counterparts, got jobs like Engineers in iron making firms like Bairds of Gartsherrie

Question 19

Assimilation (Negatives) Italians

Answer 19

• Catholic generally
• Opened on Sundays (Sabbath) which caused problems with local religion, but no alcohol on Sunday, 1906 Women’s temperance association campaigned against it
• Shops attacked in 1939 due to Mussolini supporting Nazis

Question 20

Assimilation (Positives) Italians

Answer 20

• Introduced new products of fish and chips and ice cream so Scot’s liked them
• Teenagers used them as hang out spots instead of bars so parents liked that
• Didn’t take jobs from Scots as employed themselves in their cafes

Question 21

Assimilation (Negatives) Jewish

Answer 21

• Accused of taking advantage of Scots with sweatshops so discriminated against making it hard to assimilate
• Anti-Sematism from War and Nazis
• Trade unions opposed Jewish immigration in 1888

Question 22

Assimilation (Positives) Jewish

Answer 22

• Successful in careers becoming doctors and lawyers and moving out of gorbals, improving view of Jewish
• Weren’t a drain on the poor law as they helped each other
• Self-employed on arrival eg. Tailors and tobacco
• Was a Yiddish newspaper on arrival but went into decline by start of 20th century showing assimilation as more English speakers

Question 23

Assimilation (Negatives) Lithuanians

Answer 23

• Used as strike breakers originally
• Seen as drunks due to wedding traditions
• Had own clergy, newspapers, shops and recreational groups which shows they stuck with their own people
• When WWl broke out Lithuanians chose to fight for Russians not Scottish which shows they didn’t assimilate well

Question 24

Assimilation (Positives) Lithuanians

Answer 24

• Later joined unions and strikes with Scot’s for better working conditions and pay