Migration and Empire: Issue 2 Flashcards
Experience of Immigrants in Scotland
1
Q
Irish Protestant work
A
- More educated than Irish counterparts, got jobs like Engineers in iron making firms like Bairds of Gartsherrie
- Were accepted more in the work place as they shared same religion with Scot’s, given public jobs like Train drivers in Glasgow
- Use previous skills in Scotland, Glasgow and Ayrshire they were looking for skilled weavers
2
Q
Irish Catholic Work
A
- Low skilled manual labour eg, navvies on Railways like Glasgow Subway
- Faced language barrier as they spoke Gaelic so struggled to get jobs
- Catholic in Protestant Country so discriminated against
- By 1870’s catholics were working with Protestants in workers unions
3
Q
Italian Work
A
- Nardini’s Largs, Italians set up ice cream shops and fish and chip shops in Scotland
- Opened on Sundays (Sabbath) which caused problems with local religion, but no alcohol on Sunday
- Italians established hair dressing college in Glasgow training people for work
- Shops attacked in 1939 due to Mussolini supporting Nazis
4
Q
Jewish Work
A
- Owned own businesses so didn’t interfere with Scot job market
- Imperial Tobacco Company est late 1880’s by Jacob Kramisch
- Julius Pinto owned a tailoring company in Glasgow Gorbals
- Accused of operating sweatshops
5
Q
Lithuanian Work
A
- Coal mining a popular profession for Lithuanians in Lanarkshire
- Joined trade unions to campaign for better working conditions and better wages
6
Q
Scot Reactions (Negative) Irish Catholic
A
- Church of Scotland wrote pamphlet in 1923 ‘Menace of the Irish race to our Scottish Nationality’
- Many bosses turned Irish workers away due to religion
- Protestant and Catholics fought in Streets of Glasgow in 1850’s and 1860’s which caused Scot resentment
7
Q
Scot Reactions (Positive) Irish Catholic
A
- Introduced Hibernians and Celtic football clubs in 1870’s and 1880’s
8
Q
Scot Reactions (Negative) Irish Protestant
A
- Seen to be taking Scottish jobs
- development of Orange order led to conflict which Scot’s didn’t like, 1857 300 orang men attacked by Catholics in Aidrie
9
Q
Scot Reactions (Negative) Italians
A
- Opened on Sabbath with Scots didn’t like
- Shop owners thought Italians were stealing their customers and jobs
- Normally Catholics which caused discrimination
10
Q
Scot Reactions (Positive) Italians
A
- Fish and Chips and Ice cream popular in their cafes
- Provided alternative hangouts for youths than bars which Scots liked
- Self employed in their own cafes so did t steal jobs
11
Q
Scot Reactions (Negative) Jewish
A
- Accused of operating sweatshops
- Some Scot’s didn’t like the progress Jews made instead of Scots
12
Q
Scot Reactions (Positive) Jewish
A
- Self employed so didn’t interfere with already established Scottish business or jobs eg, Tailoring
13
Q
Scot Reactions (Negative) Lithuanians
A
- Seen as strike breakers in industries like coal mining
- Seen as stealing jobs and undercutting wages
- Lanarkshire miners union offered support to those who strikes against Lithuanians
- Seen as drunks due to long wedding traditions
14
Q
Scot Reactions (Positive) Lithuanians
A
- Joined unions and campaigned for better wages and working conditions alongside Scots in left wing politics
15
Q
Assimilation (Negatives) Irish Catholics
A
- Usually settled into one area or community so didn’t assimilate as well
- Made own schools and churches, Dundee 2 Catholic Churches and 3 Schools serving 20,000
- Establishment of Orange Order made it harder to assimilate due to religion discrimination
- High level of intermarriage, 1851 Greenock 80.6% of Irish Catholics married Irish Catholics, 40 years later rate still at 71.4%
16
Q
Assimilation (Positives) Irish Catholics
A
- Joined wages and mining unions with Scots
- Introduced Hibernians and Celtic football clubs in 1870’s and 1880’s
17
Q
Assimilation (Negatives) Irish Protestants
A
- Orange order became violent causing less assimilation eg. 1857 300 Orangemen attacked by Catholics in Aidrie
18
Q
Assimilation (Positives) Irish Protestants
A
- Orange order assimilated Protestant Irish with Protestant Scots
- More educated than Irish counterparts, got jobs like Engineers in iron making firms like Bairds of Gartsherrie
19
Q
Assimilation (Negatives) Italians
A
- Catholic generally
- Opened on Sundays (Sabbath) which caused problems with local religion, but no alcohol on Sunday, 1906 Women’s temperance association campaigned against it
- Shops attacked in 1939 due to Mussolini supporting Nazis
20
Q
Assimilation (Positives) Italians
A
- Introduced new products of fish and chips and ice cream so Scot’s liked them
- Teenagers used them as hang out spots instead of bars so parents liked that
- Didn’t take jobs from Scots as employed themselves in their cafes
21
Q
Assimilation (Negatives) Jewish
A
- Accused of taking advantage of Scots with sweatshops so discriminated against making it hard to assimilate
- Anti-Sematism from War and Nazis
- Trade unions opposed Jewish immigration in 1888
22
Q
Assimilation (Positives) Jewish
A
- Successful in careers becoming doctors and lawyers and moving out of gorbals, improving view of Jewish
- Weren’t a drain on the poor law as they helped each other
- Self-employed on arrival eg. Tailors and tobacco
- Was a Yiddish newspaper on arrival but went into decline by start of 20th century showing assimilation as more English speakers
23
Q
Assimilation (Negatives) Lithuanians
A
- Used as strike breakers originally
- Seen as drunks due to wedding traditions
- Had own clergy, newspapers, shops and recreational groups which shows they stuck with their own people
- When WWl broke out Lithuanians chose to fight for Russians not Scottish which shows they didn’t assimilate well
24
Q
Assimilation (Positives) Lithuanians
A
- Later joined unions and strikes with Scot’s for better working conditions and pay
