Migration and Empire: Impact Abroad Flashcards
Who was George Stephen and what was his contribution to Canada?
George Stephen emigrated to Canada at 21 and became wealthy. He helped build the Canadian Pacific Railway, boosting Canada’s economy and infrastructure.
What role did Scots play in Canada’s business world?
Scots were highly visible in business, with 1/3 of Canada’s business elite being of Scottish origin.
Which industries were Scots heavily involved in in Canada?
Scots were involved in the fur trade, timber trade, banking, iron, steel, oil, and gas industries.
How did Scots contribute to Canada’s banking sector?
Scots helped establish Canada’s first banks, such as the Bank of Nova Scotia, which opened in 1832.
How did Scots contribute to Canada’s agriculture?
Scots cleared land, introduced farming technologies, and worked hard to cultivate the land.
Who was John Muir and what was his impact on Canada?
John Muir helped establish National Parks in Canada.
How did Scots influence Canadian culture?
Scots introduced Highland promoting Scottish culture in Canada.
Who were the first two Canadian Prime Ministers and their Scottish roots?
John Alexander MacDonald and Alexander MacKenzie, both born in Scotland, were Canada’s first two Prime Ministers.
How did Scots impact Canada’s education system?
Scots helped establish schools and universities, including McGill University in 1821, which influenced Canadian education.
What was the role of Scots in Canadian politics?
Scots played a major role in Canadian politics, with many serving as Governors and contributing to national policies.
How did Scots influence Canada’s religious landscape?
Scots built churches and spread Presbyterian moral values, including Sabbath observance and the temperance movement.
What role did Scots play in the fur trade in Canada?
Scots controlled the fur trade, particularly through the Hudson Bay Company, trading goods for furs with indigenous peoples.
How did Scots interact with Indigenous peoples in Canada?
Scots formed close relationships with indigenous peoples, trading goods and sometimes intermarrying, though later conflicts arose.
What was the impact of Scottish settlers on Indigenous peoples’ land in Canada?
Scots were responsible for much of the loss of land for indigenous peoples due to their large presence as settlers.
What impact did Scots have on Australian farming?
Scots, like John Macarthur, introduced merino sheep to Australia, greatly influencing Australian farming.
Which Scottish regions contributed miners to Australia?
Scots from Lanarkshire, Fife, and Ayrshire worked in coal mines in New South Wales in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
What role did Scots play in the Australian Gold Rush?
Many Scots became gold miners, seeking fortune during the Gold Rush of 1851.
What contribution did Scottish stonemasons make to Australian infrastructure?
In the 1920s, Scottish stonemasons helped build the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
What industries did Scots contribute to in Australia?
Scots were involved in trade, manufacturing, shipping, engineering, finance, and more.
Who was Robert Campbell, and what was his contribution to Australia?
Robert Campbell, from Greenock, became wealthy and is known as the ‘father of Australian trade.’
What did John Buncle contribute to Australia’s economy?
John Buncle founded the Melbourne Iron Works, contributing to Australia’s industrial development.
How did Scots influence the Australian banking system?
Scots used their banking expertise to establish the Australian banking system, which helped develop trade and the economy.
Who wrote Australia’s National Anthem, and where was he from?
Peter Dodds McCormick, born in Port Glasgow, Scotland, wrote the Australian National Anthem “Advance Australia Fair.”
Who was Andrew Fisher and what was his political role in Australia?
Andrew Fisher, a Scottish coal-miner, became Australia’s fifth Prime Minister and led the world’s first majority Labour government.
How did Scots contribute to the end of Australia’s penal colony system?
Scots were involved in ending Australia’s role as a penal colony and promoting its development as a free society.
Who was Sir Thomas Brisbane and what did he introduce to Australia?
Sir Thomas Brisbane was a Scottish-born Governor who introduced tobacco, sugar cane, and freedom of the press. Brisbane city is named in his honour.
How did Scottish agricultural activities affect Indigenous Australians?
Scottish farming led to conflict with Aboriginal people, often displacing them and damaging their culture.
What notorious event involved Scots and Aboriginal people in 1843?
Angus MacMillan and his ‘Highland Brigade’ massacred 150 Aboriginal people at Warrigal Creek in 1843.
What happened during the Hornet Bank Massacre?
In 1857, 100 Aboriginal people were massacred in revenge for an attack on the Fraser family’s land.
How did Scots contribute to wool production in Australia?
Scots were key in developing wool production, leading to further loss of Aboriginal land.
Did all Scots have negative relations with Indigenous Australians?
While many Scots were involved in conflicts, some worked to build good relations with Aboriginal people.
How did John Dunmore Lang influence Australia’s religious and educational development?
John Dunmore Lang, from Greenock, played a key role in developing the Presbyterian Church and the education system in Australia, introducing the Scottish tradition of parish-based schools.
How did Scots help preserve Scottish culture in Australia?
Scots helped preserve Scottish culture in Australia through traditions like Highland games, Scottish dances, and Burns Suppers.
How did Scots contribute to the Indian economy?
Scots contributed through their involvement in the East India Company, exporting goods like jute, tea, timber, coal, sugar, and indigo.
What role did the East India Company play in British trade with India?
The East India Company controlled British trade with India and helped govern the country, employing many Scots.
Where were nearly all of India’s railway engines built?
Nearly all of India’s railway engines were built in Springburn, Glasgow.
How did Scots influence India’s infrastructure?
Scottish Governor Generals like James Dalhousie developed India’s infrastructure, including railways, telegraphs, and postal services.
How did Scots impact India’s banking system?
Scots helped develop the Indian banking system, contributing to economic growth.
What was the Martial Tradition, and how did it relate to Scots in India?
The Martial Tradition, especially in the Scottish Highlands, saw many young Scots join the army, with Scottish regiments serving in India.
How did Scots contribute to the development of Indian education?
Scots helped establish elite schools and universities in India, following the Scottish model, such as the University of Calcutta in 1857.
How did Scots impact attitudes towards women in India?
James Dalhousie, as Governor General, helped change attitudes toward women, developing schools for girls and promoting their education.
How did Scots contribute to the abolishment of certain Hindu customs in India?
Scots played a key role in abolishing practices like human sacrifice (suttee) and ritual murder (thuggee) in India.
What role did Scots play in the suppression of the Indian Mutiny of 1857?
Scottish soldiers, particularly Highlanders, played a brutal role in suppressing the Indian Mutiny, taking revenge on Indian soldiers who rebelled.
What was the ‘White Moghuls’ phenomenon in India?
Some Scots integrated into Indian society by intermarrying and taking multiple wives, becoming part of the ‘White Moghuls.’
How did Scots contribute to the spread of the English language in India?
Scots played a key role in spreading the English language in India, which was part of the effort to westernize the country, although this was not always supported by the Indian people.
How did Scottish missionaries impact Indian society?
Scottish missionaries spread Christianity, helped develop the education system, and worked to change racist attitudes, contributing to social reform in India.
How did Scots contribute to New Zealand’s economy?
Scots were key in developing New Zealand, seen as educated and hardworking. They founded banks, financial institutions, and advanced industries like paper making and manufacturing.
How did Scots contribute to farming in New Zealand?
Scots took advantage of cheap land and developed sheep farming. A Scot was the first to develop the technology to send lamb to Britain on refrigerated ships.
What industries did Scots develop in New Zealand?
Scots helped develop industries like paper making, drapery, and manufacturing in New Zealand.
Which New Zealand Prime Ministers were of Scottish descent?
Thomas MacKenzie (born in Edinburgh) became Prime Minister in 1912, and Peter Fraser (born in Tain) became Prime Minister in 1940.
How did Scots influence religion in New Zealand?
Scots brought Presbyterianism to New Zealand, and the religion is still prevalent in the country today.
How did Scots impact education in New Zealand?
Scots introduced compulsory schooling, based on the Scottish school model and curriculum.
How did the Free Church of Scotland influence the settlement of New Zealand?
The Free Church of Scotland sponsored the Otago settlements in 1848, leading to the creation of the colony, and Scottish influence is seen in place names like Wallace and Bruce.
Which New Zealand town was established by the Free Church of Scotland?
Dunedin (Gaelic for Edinburgh) was established by the Free Church of Scotland and became the main town for Scottish settlement after 1848.
Who was Reverend Thomas Burns and what was his role in Dunedin?
Reverend Thomas Burns, Robert Burns’ nephew, became Dunedin’s spiritual leader and Chancellor of the University in 1871.
How did Scots influence place names in New Zealand?
Scots influenced place names in New Zealand, with towns like Hamilton, Napier, Oban, and Dunedin reflecting their heritage.
How did Scots interact with the Māori people in New Zealand?
Initially, Scots had good relations with the Māori, who helped them survive. However, as settlers began taking Māori land, tensions arose.
How did Scots contribute to the Māori Wars in New Zealand?
Scots played a significant role in the Māori Wars, which involved removing land from the Māori people.
What was the Treaty of Waitangi and how did it relate to Scots?
The Treaty of Waitangi (1840) was signed to protect Māori land rights, but it was largely ignored by settlers, including Scots, leading to continued conflict and the undermining of Māori culture.
Did any Scots attempt to protect the Māori people?
Yes, some Scottish missionaries tried to protect the Māori people and their rights.
How did Scots contribute to the banking industry in Canada?
Scots played a key role in establishing and advancing the banking industry in Canada, leveraging their connections and expertise.
What role did Scots play in the Hudson Bay Company?
Scots established successful businesses, such as a profitable lumber business, which improved their quality of life and contributed to Canada’s economic growth.
How did language barriers affect Gaelic-speaking Scots in Canada?
Gaelic-speaking Scots faced limited employment opportunities compared to English-speaking Scots, hindering their ability to thrive and contribute to Canada’s economy.
How did Scots impact Canadian education?
Scots like James McGill founded McGill University in 1821, which became a leading institution in Canadian education.
What cultural influence did Scots have in Canada?
Scots influenced Canadian folk music, particularly in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, and contributed to early Canadian architecture, including designs by Thomas McCulloch.
How did Scots impact farming in Canada?
Scots like John Hamilton Gray shaped agricultural practices in Prince Edward Island, and Scottish settlers in Ontario introduced new farming methods that boosted the region’s economy.
What role did Sir John A. Macdonald play in Canada?
Sir John A. Macdonald, born in Scotland, played a pivotal role in the 1867 Confederation of Canada, shaping the nation’s political structure.
How did Scots contribute to the fur trade in Canada?
Scots like George Simpson expanded the Hudson’s Bay Company’s operations and influence, contributing significantly to Canada’s economic and territorial development.
