Migration and Empire Flashcards
Why would people move from the highlands?
- overpopulation.
- houses were of poor conditions (no roofs, windows)
- animals would be forced to live with people (poor sanitation, led to disease)
- potato blights and bad crop yield led to famines.
What did people in the highland do to relieve the potato blight/famines?
Changed farming grounds to hunting grounds, hunted sheep etc.
What would land owners do to make people move?
- paid people to leave.
- burned down their houses so they’d be forced to leave.
What caused many to move to the lowlands?
- offered better job opportunities.
- offered a better social life (people from mixed classes)
What were the job opportunities in the 1800-1900s? (FOR MEN)
- shipyards.
- miners.
- crofters.
- fishing.
What’s was it like being a crofter?
Often needed another job to earn most of their income.
Crofters often were tenants of the croft and would pay rent to landlords.
What was it like being a fisherman?
A profitable job. Crafting earned £3 annually whilst fishing earned £25.
What was it like working in a shipyard?
Most workers had low wage and didn’t have a working contract, men needed to be on the lookout for other jobs.
What was like being a coalminer?
Popular job option.
Was a dangerous job, polluted coal dust air and also many died whilst mining.
What were the job opportunities in 1800-1900s? (FOR WOMEN)
- domestic servant (in form of maids, cleaners, cooks)
- washrooms.
- factories.
What was it like being a domestic servant?
One of the most popular jobs.
Weren’t paid much, but guaranteed a roof over their heads.
Some workers would be raped by homeowners.
What was it like being a washroom worker?
Highlanders washed clothes in rivers.
Low landers washed clothes in factories with chemicals, which could potentially have dangerous risks.
What was it like being a factory worker?
Factory jobs included cloth, machines and textiles.
Where did all the womens’ wages go?
To their husband or father.
Where did some brits immigrate?
- Canada
- USA
- Australia
- India
How did Britain affect the Canadian economy?
- Brits were involved with lots of industries; trades, banking and development of the Canadian railway.
- By 1920s, 1/4 of Canada’s business leaders were born in Scotland.
- They helped Canadians with farming techniques.
How did Britain affect the Canadian railways?
- Scots provided the finance and a lot of the engineering skills to build the railway.
- The railway was built to unite all territories of the country.
- Railway was completed in 1885.
Attracted many immigrants as the lands near the railways were advertised cheaply and attractively.
Why did people migrate to the USA?
Many had migrated because of the Gold Rush in 1830s.
What was the Gold Rush like?
Mostly became popular in 1849. Those who panned for gold were known as the 49’ers.
What were the downsides to the Gold Rush?
- Those who sold the tools to the 49ers had been more successful than the ones who panned for gold.
- Many people didn’t profit from the Gold Rush.
- Landscape was ruined.
- Natives from this place was pushed out because of the 49ers.
How was the journey of emigration? (1830-1939)
- Prices for people to move became easily accessible for those in lower classes (£1)
- Life at sea was dangerous and uncomfortable.
What was it like to be in the ships while travelling?
- candles and lanterns restricted, due to flammable ship.
- uncomfortable and crowded, people had straw beds and little privacy.
- any shipwreck would leave passengers hopeless, most ships had little lifeboats and most people didn’t know how to swim.
How was migration in Australia?
- 1850s Gold Rush (yes, they had a gold rush too..)
- brewing.
- banking.
- farming.
How was migration in India?
- People were interested in the tea plantations in India. (Thomas Lipton bought a plantation)
- India was also linked with Brits through military forces, many Brits joined their armed forces to become leaders and/or generals.
- Main trade was spices.
