Migration and Development Glossary Flashcards
International Migration
The movement people across international borders for the purpose of settlement.
Internal Migration
The movement of people who do not cross international borders, but move within their national states.
Rural to Urban Migration
When people move either temporarily or permanently from a rural area to an urban city. Can occur at both international and national level.
Forced Migration
The involuntary movement of people who may be pushed out of their country due to factors such as war, famine, or persecution due to religion.
Voluntary Migration
This when someone chooses to leave their home and their country of origin due to factors in the host country that may be more appealing. e.g. better standard of life or better job opportunities.
Refugee
Someone who is forced or displaced from their home country as a result of number of different factors.
Asylum Seeker
An asylum seeker is a person who has left their country and is seeking protection from persecution and serious human rights violations in another country, but who hasn’t been legally recognised by their host country as an asylum seeker and is waiting to receive their decision.
Push Factors
Factors which force a person to move from their country of origin. e.g. natural disaster famine or lack of jobs.
Pull factors
Factors that draw a person to another area or place. e.g. better quality of life, better job opportunities, lower tax.
Intervening Obstacles
A physical or cultural feature that hinder migration, or movement between two locations. This can range from physical mountains, to visas.
Emigrant
A person who is actively leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere.
Immigrant
A person who is living in a country other than that of his or her birth.
Intra regional
The movement of a person within the same region of a nation.
Inter regional
The process of people moving from one nation to another.
Inter- regional Migration (Case Study - Africa/ Middle East to Europe) - DIRECTION
Many thousands flee from Africa and the Middle East due to conflict and instability to European countries.
London has the largest number of immigrants
In the UK, Africa and Middle East emigrants migrate to European countries
They often travel over and across desert areas
More men than women migrate due to forced migration and to work in order to send back remittances.
Intra regional Migration within Europe - NUMBERS
In 2012 1.7 million EU residents migrated to other EU countries
Germany had the highest amount of immigrants in form other Eu countries in 2015: 5,330,000.
Estonia had the least: 10,000
Switzerland had the highest amount of foreign born residents - 30.7%
Family is 35% of the reason of why people migrate.
Over 160,000 migrants were found to be irregularly present in the EU.
In 2022 9.93 million non-EU citizens were employed in the EU labour market out of 193.5 million people ages 20-64, corresponding to 5.1% of the total.
Intra regional Migration within Europe - DIRECTION
Most emigrants from European countries - Germany - 533,485 - 0.64% of population
Most foreign people in a country
Switzerland - 30.7% of population
What is the HDI and how does it link to migration.
The HDI is the Human Development Index. This links to migration as countries with a low HDI aren’t going to migrate to one with a high HDI they are just going to move to one with a slightly higher HDI to be more realistic about what they are trying to achieve.
Low HDI countries tend to experience more migration.
HDI reflects educational systems and therefore countries with a high HDI usually have better educational systems meaning more people will want to migrate there.
What are remittances and how do they link to migration.
Remittances can be social or to do with money as migrants can send money back to their countries of origin or they can send social norms from their host country to aid there families in their countries of origin.
Migration drives remittances as migrants often feel a cultural or familial responsibility to support their families and therefore send remittances home.
For many low income families remittances can be a significant source of income and can be how they pay for things such as education, food and medical bills.
Remittances also aid countries with lower GDP’s and boosts them higher
