Migration and Development

Question 1

International Migration

Answer 1

The movement people across international borders for the purpose of settlement.

Question 2

Internal Migration

Answer 2

The movement of people who do not cross international borders, but move within their national states.

Question 3

Rural to Urban Migration

Answer 3

When people move either temporarily or permanently from a rural area to an urban city. Can occur at both international and national level.

Question 4

Forced Migration

Answer 4

The involuntary movement of people who may be pushed out of their country due to factors such as war, famine, or persecution due to religion.

Question 5

Voluntary Migration

Answer 5

This when someone chooses to leave their home and their country of origin due to factors in the host country that may be more appealing. e.g. better standard of life or better job opportunities.

Question 6

Refugee

Answer 6

Someone who is forced or displaced from their home country as a result of number of different factors.

Question 7

Asylum Seeker

Answer 7

An asylum seeker is a person who has left their country and is seeking protection from persecution and serious human rights violations in another country, but who hasn’t been legally recognised by their host country as an asylum seeker and is waiting to receive their decision.

Question 8

Push Factors

Answer 8

Factors which force a person to move from their country of origin. e.g. natural disaster famine or lack of jobs.

Question 9

Pull factors

Answer 9

Factors that draw a person to another area or place. e.g. better quality of life, better job opportunities, lower tax.

Question 10

Intervening Obstacles

Answer 10

A physical or cultural feature that hinder migration, or movement between two locations. This can range from physical mountains, to visas.

Question 11

Emigrant

Answer 11

A person who is actively leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere.

Question 12

Immigrant

Answer 12

A person who is living in a country other than that of his or her birth.

Question 13

Intra regional

Answer 13

The movement of a person within the same region of a nation.

Question 14

Inter regional

Answer 14

The process of people moving from one nation to another.

Question 15

Number of International Migration

Answer 15

281 million

Question 16

Number of migrant workers

Answer 16

169 million

Question 17

Number of dead and missing migrants

Answer 17

8500

Question 18

Number of international remittances

Answer 18

$831 billion

Question 19

Recipient and Sources of Remittances

Answer 19

United States are the most dominant source of remittances globally - $ 79.15 billion

India, Mexico and China as of 2022 are the highest recipients of remittances.
India - $111.22 bi

Question 20

Number of international remittances received by low and middle income countries.

Answer 20

$647 billion

Question 21

Number of refugees

Answer 21

35.3 million

Question 22

Number of asylum seekers

Answer 22

5.4 million

Question 23

Number of peoples who were living in displacement

Answer 23

117 million

Question 24

Where are Migrants going to and from.

Answer 24

Only in 30 people leave their homes and migrate.

Europe and Asia each hosted 87 and 86 million international migrants - 61% of total international migrants.

Europe increased of about 30 million international migrants.

In the UAE over 88% of people are international migrant.

More than 40% of all the international migrants were born in Asia.

The US has been the main country of destination of international migrants since 1970’s.

Most migrants are coming from countries such as:
Sudan
Syria
Eritrea
Afghanistan
Iraq
Iran
Albania

Question 25

Inter- regional Migration (Case Study - Africa/ Middle East to Europe) - NUMBERS

Answer 25

3279 died at sea in the 2019 crossings

9.3 billion foreign-born living in the UK in 2018 - with more being born in non-EU countries

In 2019 Tunisia had the most crossings by sea - 594
Sudan had the least - 79

Departures from Libya have decreased by 87%
Algeria by - over 50%

2018 received a plunge in the crossings across the Mediterranean route which dropped by 80% to 23,485.

Question 26

Inter- regional Migration (Case Study - Africa/ Middle East to Europe) - DIRECTION

Answer 26

Many thousands flee from Africa and the Middle East due to conflict and instability to European countries.

London has the largest number of immigrants

In the UK, Africa and Middle East emigrants migrate to European countries

They often travel over and across desert areas

More men than women migrate due to forced migration and to work in order to send back remittances.

Question 27

Intra regional Migration within Europe - NUMBERS

Answer 27

In 2012 1.7 million EU residents migrated to other EU countries

Germany had the highest amount of immigrants in form other Eu countries in 2015: 5,330,000.

Estonia had the least: 10,000

Switzerland had the highest amount of foreign born residents - 30.7%

Family is 35% of the reason of why people migrate.

Over 160,000 migrants were found to be irregularly present in the EU.

In 2022 9.93 million non-EU citizens were employed in the EU labour market out of 193.5 million people ages 20-64, corresponding to 5.1% of the total.

Question 28

Intra regional Migration within Europe - DIRECTION

Answer 28

Most emigrants from European countries - Germany - 533,485 - 0.64% of population

Most foreign people in a country
Switzerland - 30.7% of population

Question 30

What is the HDI and how does it link to migration.

Answer 30

The HDI is the Human Development Index. This links to migration as countries with a low HDI aren’t going to migrate to one with a high HDI they are just going to move to one with a slightly higher HDI to be more realistic about what they are trying to achieve.

Low HDI countries tend to experience more migration.

HDI reflects educational systems and therefore countries with a high HDI usually have better educational systems meaning more people will want to migrate there.

Question 31

What are remittances and how do they link to migration.

Answer 31

Remittances can be social or to do with money as migrants can send money back to their countries of origin or they can send social norms from their host country to aid there families in their countries of origin.

Migration drives remittances as migrants often feel a cultural or familial responsibility to support their families and therefore send remittances home.

For many low income families remittances can be a significant source of income and can be how they pay for things such as education, food and medical bills.

Remittances also aid countries with lower GDP’s and boosts them higher