Migration Act 1958 Flashcards
Division 1 Immigration Status
Section 13 Lawful non citizen
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Lawful non-citizens
(1) A non-citizen in the migration zone who holds a visa that is in effect is a lawful non-citizen.
(2) An allowed inhabitant of the Protected Zone who is in a protected area in connection with the performance of traditional activities is a lawful non-citizen.
Section 14
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Unlawful non-citizens
(1) A non-citizen in the migration zone who is not a lawful non-citizen is an unlawful non-citizen.
(2) To avoid doubt, a non-citizen in the migration zone who, immediately before 1 September 1994, was an illegal entrant within the meaning of the Migration Act as in force then became, on that date, an unlawful non-citizen.
Section 15
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Effect of cancellation of visa on status
To avoid doubt, subject to subsection 13(2) (certain inhabitants of protected zone), if a visa is cancelled its former holder, if in the migration zone, becomes, on the cancellation, an unlawful non-citizen unless, immediately after the cancellation, the former holder holds another visa that is in effect.
Section 18
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Power to obtain information and documents about unlawful non-citizens
(1) If the Minister has reason to believe that a person (in this subsection called the first person ) is capable of giving information which the Minister has reason to believe is, or producing documents (including documents that are copies of other documents) which the Minister has reason to believe are, relevant to ascertaining the identity or whereabouts of another person whom the Minister has reason to believe is an unlawful non-citizen, the Minister may, by notice in writing served on the first person, require the first person:
(a) to give to the Minister, within the period and in the manner specified in the notice, any such information; or
(b) to produce to the Minister, within the period and in the manner specified in the notice, any such documents; or
(c) to make copies of any such documents and to produce to the Minister, within the period and in the manner specified in the notice, those copies.
(2) A notice under subsection (1) must set out the effects of section 21 of this Act and sections 137.1 and 137.2 of the Criminal Code .
Section 25
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Copies of documents
(1) The Minister may inspect a document or copy produced under this Division and may make and retain copies of, or take and retain extracts from, such a document or copy.
(2) The Minister may retain possession of a copy of a document produced in accordance with a requirement covered by paragraph 18(1)(c).
Section 29
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Visas
(1) Subject to this Act, the Minister may grant a non-citizen permission, to be known as a visa, to do either or both of the following:
(a) travel to and enter Australia;
(b) remain in Australia.
Note: A maritime crew visa is generally permission to travel to and enter Australia only by sea (as well as being permission to remain in Australia) (see section 38B).
(2) Without limiting subsection (1), a visa to travel to, enter and remain in Australia may be one to:
(a) travel to and enter Australia during a prescribed or specified period; and
(b) if, and only if, the holder travels to and enters during that period, remain in Australia during a prescribed or specified period or indefinitely.
(3) Without limiting subsection (1), a visa to travel to, enter and remain in Australia may be one to:
(a) travel to and enter Australia during a prescribed or specified period; and
(b) if, and only if, the holder travels to and enters during that period:
(i) remain in it during a prescribed or specified period or indefinitely; and
(ii) if the holder leaves Australia during a prescribed or specified period, travel to and re-enter it during a prescribed or specified period.
(4) Without limiting section 83 (person taken to be included in visa), the regulations may provide for a visa being held by 2 or more persons.
Section 30
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Kinds of visas
(1) A visa to remain in Australia (whether also a visa to travel to and enter Australia) may be a visa, to be known as a permanent visa, to remain indefinitely.
(2) A visa to remain in Australia (whether also a visa to travel to and enter Australia) may be a visa, to be known as a temporary visa, to remain:
(a) during a specified period; or
(b) until a specified event happens; or
(c) while the holder has a specified status.
Section 31
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Classes of visas
(1) There are to be prescribed classes of visas.
Note: See also subsection 35A(4), which allows additional classes of permanent and temporary visas to be prescribed as protection visas by regulations made for the purposes of this subsection.
(2) As well as the prescribed classes, there are the classes provided for by the following provisions:
(a) section 32 (special category visas);
(b) section 33 (special purpose visas);
(c) section 34 (absorbed person visas);
(d) section 35 (ex-citizen visas);
(e) subsection 35A(2) (permanent protection visas);
(f) subsection 35A(3) (temporary protection visas);
(fa) subsection 35A(3A) (safe haven enterprise visas);
(g) section 37 (bridging visas);
(h) section 37A (temporary safe haven visas);
(i) section 38 (criminal justice visas);
(j) section 38A (enforcement visas);
(k) section 38B (maritime crew visas).
(3) The regulations may prescribe criteria for a visa or visas of a specified class (which, without limiting the generality of this subsection, may be a class provided for by section 32, 35A, 37, 37A or 38B but not by section 33, 34, 35, 38 or 38A).
(3A) To avoid doubt, subsection (3) does not require criteria to be prescribed for a visa or visas including, without limitation, visas of the following classes:
(a) special category visas (see section 32);
(b) permanent protection visas (see subsection 35A(2));
(c) temporary protection visas (see subsection 35A(3));
(ca) safe haven enterprise visas (see subsection 35A(3A));
(d) bridging visas (see section 37);
(e) temporary safe haven visas (see section 37A);
(f) maritime crew visas (see section 38B).
Note 1: An application for any of these visas is invalid if criteria relating to both the application and the grant of the visa have not been prescribed (see subsection 46AA(2)).
Note 2: If criteria are prescribed by the regulations for any of these visas, the visa cannot be granted unless any criteria prescribed by this Act, as well as any prescribed by regulation, are satisfied (see subsection 46AA(4)).
(4) The regulations may prescribe whether visas of a class are visas to travel to and enter Australia, or to remain in Australia, or both.
(5) A visa is a visa of a particular class if this Act or the regulations specify that it is a visa of that class.
Section 32
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Special category visas
(1) There is a class of temporary visas to be known as special category visas.
(2) A criterion for a special category visa is that the Minister is satisfied the applicant is:
(a) a non-citizen:
(i) who is a New Zealand citizen and holds, and has presented to an officer or an authorised system, a New Zealand passport that is in force; and
(ii) is neither a behaviour concern non-citizen nor a health concern non-citizen; or
(b) a person declared by the regulations, to be a person for whom a visa of another class would be inappropriate; or
(c) a person in a class of persons declared by the regulations, to be persons for whom a visa of another class would be inappropriate.
(3) A person may comply with subparagraph (2)(a)(i) by presenting a New Zealand passport to an authorised system only if:
(a) the New Zealand passport is of a kind determined under section 175A to be an eligible passport for the purposes of Division 5 of Part 2; and
(c) before the person is granted a special category visa, neither the system nor an officer requires the person to present the passport to an officer.
Section 40
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Circumstances for granting visas
(1) The regulations may provide that visas or visas of a specified class may only be granted in specified circumstances.
(2) Without limiting subsection (1), the circumstances may be, or may include, that, when the person is granted the visa, the person:
(a) is outside Australia; or
(b) is in immigration clearance; or
(c) has been refused immigration clearance and has not subsequently been immigration cleared; or
(d) is in the migration zone and, on last entering Australia:
(i) was immigration cleared; or
(ii) bypassed immigration clearance and had not subsequently been immigration cleared.
(3) Without limiting subsection (1), the circumstances may be, or may include, that a person has complied with any requirement to provide one or more personal identifiers made under section 257A.
Section 45
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Application for visa
(1) Subject to this Act and the regulations, a non-citizen who wants a visa must apply for a visa of a particular class.
Section 65
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Decision to grant or refuse to grant visa
(1) Subject to sections 84 and 86, after considering a valid application for a visa, the Minister:
(a) if satisfied that:
(i) the health criteria for it (if any) have been satisfied; and
(ii) the other criteria for it prescribed by this Act or the regulations have been satisfied; and
(iii) the grant of the visa is not prevented by section 40 (circumstances when granted), 91W (evidence of identity and bogus documents), 91WA (bogus documents and destroying identity documents), 91WB (applications for protection visas by members of same family unit), 500A (refusal or cancellation of temporary safe haven visas), 501 (special power to refuse or cancel) or any other provision of this Act or of any other law of the Commonwealth; and
(iv) any amount of visa application charge payable in relation to the application has been paid;
is to grant the visa; or
(b) if not so satisfied, is to refuse to grant the visa.
Note 1: Section 84 allows the Minister to suspend the processing of applications for visas of a kind specified in a determination made under that section. Section 86 prevents the Minister from granting a visa of a kind specified in a determination under section 85 if the number of such visas granted in a specified financial year has reached a specified maximum number.
Note 2: See also section 195A, under which the Minister has a non-compellable power to grant a visa to a person in detention under section 189 (whether or not the person has applied for the visa). Subdivision AA, this Subdivision, Subdivision AF and the regulations do not apply to the Minister’s power under that section.
Note 3: Decisions to refuse to grant protection visas to fast track review applicants must generally be referred to the Immigration Assessment Authority: see Part 7AA.
(2) To avoid doubt, an application put aside under section 94 is not taken for the purposes of subsection (1) to have been considered until it has been removed from the pool under subsection 95(3).
Section 82
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When visas cease to be in effect
(1) A visa that is cancelled ceases to be in effect on cancellation.
(2) A substantive visa held by a non-citizen ceases to be in effect if another substantive visa (other than a special purpose visa) for the non-citizen comes into effect.
(2AA) Despite subsection (2):
(a) a maritime crew visa held by a non-citizen does not cease to be in effect if a substantive visa for the non-citizen that is of a class specified by the Minister, by legislative instrument, for the purposes of this subsection comes into effect; and
(b) a substantive visa held by a non-citizen that is of a class specified by the Minister, by legislative instrument, for the purposes of this subsection does not cease to be in effect if a maritime crew visa for the non-citizen comes into effect.
(2A) A temporary visa held by a non-citizen ceases to be in effect if an enforcement visa for the non-citizen comes into effect.
(3) A bridging visa held by a non-citizen ceases to be in effect if another visa (other than a special purpose visa or a maritime crew visa) for the non-citizen comes into effect.
(4) A visa ceases to be in effect when the holder leaves Australia because of a deportation order made under section 200.
(5) A visa to travel to and enter Australia (whether also a visa to remain in Australia) during a particular period or until a particular date ceases to be in effect at the end of that period or on that date unless the holder of the visa:
(a) has entered Australia in that period or on or before that date; and
(b) is in Australia at the end of that period or on that date.
(6) A visa to travel to and enter Australia (whether also a visa to remain in Australia) during a particular period or until a particular date ceases to be in effect if the holder leaves Australia after that period or date.
(7) A visa to remain in Australia (whether also a visa to travel to and enter Australia) during a particular period or until a particular date ceases to be in effect at the end of that period or on that date.
(7A) A bridging visa permitting the holder to remain in, or to travel to, enter and remain in, Australia until a specified event happens, ceases to be in effect the moment the event happens.
(8) A visa to remain in, but not re-enter, Australia that is granted to a non-citizen in Australia ceases to be in effect if the holder leaves Australia.
(9) This section does not affect the operation of other provisions of this Act under which a visa ceases to be in effect (such as sections 173 and 174).
(10) For the purposes of subsections (5), (6) and (7), particular date includes:
(a) the date an event, specified in the visa, happens; or
(b) the date the holder ceases to have a status specified in the visa or the regulations.
Section 116
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Power to cancel
(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Minister may cancel a visa if he or she is satisfied that:
(a) the decision to grant the visa was based, wholly or partly, on a particular fact or circumstance that is no longer the case or that no longer exists; or
(aa) the decision to grant the visa was based, wholly or partly, on the existence of a particular fact or circumstance, and that fact or circumstance did not exist; or
(b) its holder has not complied with a condition of the visa; or
(c) another person required to comply with a condition of the visa has not complied with that condition; or
(d) if its holder has not entered Australia or has so entered but has not been immigration cleared--it would be liable to be cancelled under Subdivision C (incorrect information given by holder) if its holder had so entered and been immigration cleared; or
(e) the presence of its holder in Australia is or may be, or would or might be, a risk to:
(i) the health, safety or good order of the Australian community or a segment of the Australian community; or
(ii) the health or safety of an individual or individuals; or
(f) the visa should not have been granted because the application for it or its grant was in contravention of this Act or of another law of the Commonwealth; or
(fa) in the case of a student visa:
(i) its holder is not, or is likely not to be, a genuine student; or
(ii) its holder has engaged, is engaging, or is likely to engage, while in Australia, in conduct (including omissions) not contemplated by the visa; or
(g) a prescribed ground for cancelling a visa applies to the holder.
(1AA) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Minister may cancel a visa if he or she is not satisfied as to the visa holder's identity.
(1AB) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Minister may cancel a visa (the current visa ) if he or she is satisfied that:
(a) incorrect information was given, by or on behalf of the person who holds the current visa, to:
(i) an officer; or
(ii) an authorised system; or
(iii) the Minister; or
(iv) any other person, or a tribunal, performing a function or purpose under this Act; or
(v) any other person or body performing a function or purpose in an administrative process that occurred or occurs in relation to this Act; and
(b) the incorrect information was taken into account in, or in connection with, making:
(i) a decision that enabled the person to make a valid application for a visa; or
(ii) a decision to grant a visa to the person; and
(c) the giving of the incorrect information is not covered by Subdivision C.
This subsection applies whenever the incorrect information was given and whether the visa referred to in subparagraph (b)(i) or (ii) is the current visa or a previous visa that the person held.
(1AC) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the Minister may cancel a visa (the current visa ) if he or she is satisfied that:
(a) a benefit was asked for or received by, or on behalf of, the person (the visa holder ) who holds the current visa from another person in return for the occurrence of a sponsorship-related event; or
(b) a benefit was offered or provided by, or on behalf of, the person (the visa holder ) who holds the current visa to another person in return for the occurrence of a sponsorship-related event.
(1AD) Subsection (1AC) applies:
(a) whether or not the visa holder held the current visa or any previous visa at the time the benefit was asked for, received, offered or provided; and
(b) whether or not the sponsorship-related event relates to the current visa or any previous visa that the visa holder held; and
(c) whether or not the sponsorship-related event occurred.
(1A) The regulations may prescribe matters to which the Minister may have regard in determining whether he or she is satisfied as mentioned in paragraph (1)(fa). Such regulations do not limit the matters to which the Minister may have regard for that purpose.
(2) The Minister is not to cancel a visa under subsection (1), (1AA), (1AB) or (1AC) if there exist prescribed circumstances in which a visa is not to be cancelled.
(3) If the Minister may cancel a visa under subsection (1), (1AA), (1AB) or (1AC), the Minister must do so if there exist prescribed circumstances in which a visa must be cancelled.
(4) In this section:
“benefit “ has a meaning affected by section 245AQ.
“sponsorship-related event “ has the meaning given by section 245AQ.
