migration Flashcards
Define refugee:
A person who has moved outside their country of nationality for fear of persecution
Define asylum seeker:
A person who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee
Define remittance:
Funds sent by migrant back to their country of origin
Give reasons for migration to UK from Western World and from Eastern Europe:
Western World: Similar culture, language etc..
Eastern Europe: EU free movement of people
What is the difference between inter and intra regional migration
Inter: From one region to another
Intra: Within the same region
What are 3 of the main countries of origin for UK immigrants?
India
Poland
Pakistan
What are the 3 main destination countries of UK emigrants?
Australia
USA
Canada
What % of the London population is immigrants?
36.2%
What is a common inter regional migration route and how many deaths?
Africa/Middle East to Europe
3 279 deaths trying to cross Mediterranean Sea
What is the main motive for intra regional migration?
Economic
E.g. Poland to UK
What is free trade (within EU)?
No restrictions or barriers to trade
Essentially can sell what you want within EU
What is Trade Protectionism?
Restrictions placed on trade to protect domestic industries
A tariff to make domestic products more competitive
What are the major pull factors of the UK (from Poland)?
Immediate right to work
NHS
Diverse culture
What are the positive and negative impacts of migration into the UK?
\+ Hard working, reliable workforce \+ Fast growing economy - Racism/prejudice - Overcrowded - Fly tipping
What is the Human Development Index?
Composite index involving life expectancy, GDP per capita and education
What links migration and development?
Multiplier Effect
Inequality leading to movement for better opportunities
Define multiplier effect:
New economic activity in an area creates more employment
More money -> growth -> investment -> more jobs
How can migration promote stability?
Youthful migrants balance population structure
Inc econ stability as money earned in a country is spent in the same country
Spread new learnt ideas in country of origin
How can migration promote growth?
Migrants within reproductive age can increase BR
Increased remittances
How can migration promote development?
Origin country has less strain on resources
Migration development projects via UN
How can migration cause inequality?
Origin country lose portion of young vibrant population
Only some families will receive remittances
How can migration cause conflicts?
Unrest between host country and newcomers
International borders become areas of concern
How can migration cause injustices?
HR violations:
Forced labour, female exploitation, human trafficking
Example of unequal flows of people:
France migration to UK, UK pay France to stop migrants crossing border
Example of unequal flows of technology:
Rural LIDCs have limited internet access
Example of unequal flows of money:
Some will get less remittances than others
What are the main reasons behind increasing migration complexity (6 if possible)?
Economic Globalisation Emancipation of Women South to south flows are equal to north to south flows Persecution Policy changes Bilateral corridors
How does economic globalisation affect migrant complexity?
New places of origin and destination
Remittances
Improved transport and communication
How does emancipation of women affect migrant complexity?
More skilled workers overall
More balanced workforce
How does south to south migration affect migrant complexity?
More are fleeing conflict
Inc awareness of opportunities in the south
What is the name of the line that divides the north and south?
Brandt Line
Define international migrant stock:
Number of people born in a country other than which they live in now (including refugees)
How does persecution affect migration complexity?
More migrants fleeing for more reasons (economic hardship, political safety, property destruction)
What migration policy changes have been made in recent years?
Australia -> Points System
Pakistan -> Pro emigration, promote manpower abroad, support diasporas
How have bilateral corridor developments affected migration complexity?
Cost of travel (proximity)
Ease of access and efficiency
Improved employment opportunities
What is the major bilateral migration corridor that we looked at?
Mexico to USA
