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migration Flashcards

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1
Q

Define refugee:

A

A person who has moved outside their country of nationality for fear of persecution

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2
Q

Define asylum seeker:

A

A person who seeks entry to another country by claiming to be a refugee

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3
Q

Define remittance:

A

Funds sent by migrant back to their country of origin

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4
Q

Give reasons for migration to UK from Western World and from Eastern Europe:

A

Western World: Similar culture, language etc..

Eastern Europe: EU free movement of people

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5
Q

What is the difference between inter and intra regional migration

A

Inter: From one region to another
Intra: Within the same region

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6
Q

What are 3 of the main countries of origin for UK immigrants?

A

India
Poland
Pakistan

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7
Q

What are the 3 main destination countries of UK emigrants?

A

Australia
USA
Canada

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8
Q

What % of the London population is immigrants?

A

36.2%

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9
Q

What is a common inter regional migration route and how many deaths?

A

Africa/Middle East to Europe

3 279 deaths trying to cross Mediterranean Sea

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10
Q

What is the main motive for intra regional migration?

A

Economic

E.g. Poland to UK

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11
Q

What is free trade (within EU)?

A

No restrictions or barriers to trade

Essentially can sell what you want within EU

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12
Q

What is Trade Protectionism?

A

Restrictions placed on trade to protect domestic industries

A tariff to make domestic products more competitive

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13
Q

What are the major pull factors of the UK (from Poland)?

A

Immediate right to work
NHS
Diverse culture

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14
Q

What are the positive and negative impacts of migration into the UK?

A 
\+ Hard working, reliable workforce
\+ Fast growing economy
- Racism/prejudice
- Overcrowded
- Fly tipping
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15
Q

What is the Human Development Index?

A

Composite index involving life expectancy, GDP per capita and education

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16
Q

What links migration and development?

A

Multiplier Effect

Inequality leading to movement for better opportunities

17
Q

Define multiplier effect:

A

New economic activity in an area creates more employment

More money -> growth -> investment -> more jobs

18
Q

How can migration promote stability?

A

Youthful migrants balance population structure
Inc econ stability as money earned in a country is spent in the same country
Spread new learnt ideas in country of origin

19
Q

How can migration promote growth?

A

Migrants within reproductive age can increase BR

Increased remittances

20
Q

How can migration promote development?

A

Origin country has less strain on resources

Migration development projects via UN

21
Q

How can migration cause inequality?

A

Origin country lose portion of young vibrant population

Only some families will receive remittances

22
Q

How can migration cause conflicts?

A

Unrest between host country and newcomers

International borders become areas of concern

23
Q

How can migration cause injustices?

A

HR violations:

Forced labour, female exploitation, human trafficking

24
Q

Example of unequal flows of people:

A

France migration to UK, UK pay France to stop migrants crossing border

25
Q

Example of unequal flows of technology:

A

Rural LIDCs have limited internet access

26
Q

Example of unequal flows of money:

A

Some will get less remittances than others

27
Q

What are the main reasons behind increasing migration complexity (6 if possible)?

A 
Economic Globalisation
Emancipation of Women
South to south flows are equal to north to south flows
Persecution
Policy changes
Bilateral corridors
28
Q

How does economic globalisation affect migrant complexity?

A

New places of origin and destination
Remittances
Improved transport and communication

29
Q

How does emancipation of women affect migrant complexity?

A

More skilled workers overall

More balanced workforce

30
Q

How does south to south migration affect migrant complexity?

A

More are fleeing conflict

Inc awareness of opportunities in the south

31
Q

What is the name of the line that divides the north and south?

A

Brandt Line

32
Q

Define international migrant stock:

A

Number of people born in a country other than which they live in now (including refugees)

33
Q

How does persecution affect migration complexity?

A

More migrants fleeing for more reasons (economic hardship, political safety, property destruction)

34
Q

What migration policy changes have been made in recent years?

A

Australia -> Points System

Pakistan -> Pro emigration, promote manpower abroad, support diasporas

35
Q

How have bilateral corridor developments affected migration complexity?

A

Cost of travel (proximity)
Ease of access and efficiency
Improved employment opportunities

36
Q

What is the major bilateral migration corridor that we looked at?

A

Mexico to USA

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