Migration

Question 1

5 migration types under W Peterson theory

Answer 1

impelled
forced
primitive
mass
free

Question 2

Lee’s model summarised

Answer 2

• push & pull factors
• intervening obstacles
• 4 factors influencing decision

Question 3

4 factors influencing a decision under Lee’s model

Answer 3

• associated with place of origin (push)
• associated with place of destination (pull)
• intervening obstacles
• personal factors (individual)

Question 4

Todaro’s Model summarised

Answer 4

migrants know of poor living condition at destination, but think in long term their socio-economic position will improve

Question 5

Type of migration in Todaro model

Answer 5

rural-urban

Question 6

Stark’s Model summarised

Answer 6

(like Todaro’s but with family instead of individual)

How families economic position may change due to the migration of 1 family member

Question 7

Type of migration in Stark’s model

Answer 7

rural - urban (LIC)

Question 8

Marxist / Structural theory summarised

Answer 8

migration stream maintains labour supply for capitalist production, which employers use to reduce the bargaining power of local - companies/country benefit more then migrants

Question 9

Gender analysis theory summarised

Answer 9

different genders think differently, influencing different push/pull factors influencing migration

Question 10

eg. Impelled migration

Answer 10

1947 India - partition of India, 7 million Hindus fled to India from Pakistan, 7 million Muslims to Pakistan from India

Question 11

positive net migration

Answer 11

in>out

Question 12

negative net migration

Answer 12

in

Question 13

benefits of chain migration (3)

Answer 13

• reduces pressure of the origin as carrying capacity is limited
• risk reduced
• remittances sent back, enabling migration of others

Question 14

problems with chain migration (4)

Answer 14

• ethnic village might be created where an ethnic group dominates the areas and causes problems - segregation
• can be done through illegal migration, increasing security risk
• reduces jobs for locals
• ageing population at origin

Question 15

Benefits of relay migration (3)

Answer 15

• failed migration has less damage
• less attached to the area of origin
• family would already have income after migration

Question 16

problems with relay migration

Answer 16

• costly
• loose another source of income while waiting
• lagtime in money coming back
• family conflict

Question 17

benefits of stepped migration (4)

Answer 17

• reduces intervening obstacles
• can learn more/new skills, making arrival at next destination easier, and ‘start-up time’ shorter as more prepared/experienced
• lower risks due to familiarity
• reduced costs of travel, gives more time to earn money

Question 18

problems with stepped migration (3)

Answer 18

• distribution of families, children often left behind in care of other family members
• housing shortages in destination eventually
• lack of skills - ending up working informally

Question 19

positive adjustment

Answer 19

people leave area, has positive impacts on remaining people through remittances, wages rising etc.

Question 20

negative adjustment

Answer 20

people leave and contact with family breaks down, loose cultural identity etc.

Question 21

intra urban

Answer 21

migration between urban areas

Question 22

inter urban

Answer 22

migration within a certain urban area

Question 23

refugee

Answer 23

a person who has been forced to migrate due to conflict, natural disasters or persecution

Question 24

diaspora

Answer 24

a community in the host country of migrants from one area

Question 25

micro level causes

Answer 25

an individual or family, perception-driven, information flow is key

Question 26

meso level causes

Answer 26

a community/region, push and pull factors relative to that area - but individual perception is always different

Question 27

macro level causes

Answer 27

government policy, driven by investment disparity between core and periphery