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Population > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of migration?

A

Permanent - Temporary
Legal - Clandestine
Local - International
Voluntary - Forced

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2
Q

What is an immigrant?

A

A person joining a country

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3
Q

What is an emigrant?

A

A person leaving a country

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4
Q

What is the characteristics of migrants?

A 
Young
Want education
Want to start a career
Want to start a family
Want opportunity
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5
Q

Why do people leave their home?

A

Work
Study
Travel
Flee bad living

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6
Q

The working age of industrialized nations is?

A

Decreasing

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7
Q

The working age of developing countries is?

A

Increasing

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8
Q

What factors contribute to an aging population?

A

Low mortality rates and low fertility rates

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9
Q

Who takes care of refugees at a UN level?

A

The United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees (UNHCR)

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10
Q

What is the criteria for a refugee?

A

Outside their home
Fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality
Unwilling to be under the “protection” of their home

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11
Q

What protections do refugees have?

A

UNHCR, right of asylum and the Geneva convention

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12
Q

What conflicts lead to migration?

A

Wars
Instability
Political unrest
Natural disasters

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13
Q

Where provides the most opportunity?

A

Developed countries

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14
Q

Why was there no migration during the Great Depression and World War Two?

A

There was unemployment and it was too dangerous to travel

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15
Q

What travel methods helped migration?

A

Sailing
Railway
Car
Plane

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16
Q

How did people find out about emigration?

A

Ads and articles
Letters
Telephone
Radio and tv

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17
Q

Where in the world attracts the most immigrants?

A

USA, Canada and Oceania attract the most immigrants since they’re developed

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18
Q

Temporary migration?

A

Seasonal jobs
Business trips
Tourism
Studies

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19
Q

Permanent migration?

A

New life
New career
Settling down with family

20
Q

Why do students study outside their country?

A

A diploma from a foreign country is attractive to employers

21
Q

What are snowbirds?

A

Old retirees who leave for their second home in a warm country as soon as it gets cold here.

22
Q

What is the right of asylum?

A

The right for a host country to protect its refugees, give them work, education and freedom of movement

23
Q

Why can’t developed countries ensure the replacement of aging populations?

A

Decrease in population due to low fertility rates

24
Q

What is demographic growth?

A

The variation of a population over time

25
Q

How do countries replace workers who are aging?

A

Using immigration

26
Q

High demographic growth?

A

Overpopulation

Unemployment

27
Q

Low demographic growth?

A

Declining population
Aging population
Few workers to pay for medical care and pensions for elderly

28
Q

Why is migration economy positive?

A 
Migrants send money home
Older generations replaced
Consuming goods
Paying taxes
Unwanted jobs filled
29
Q

Why do companies relocate?

A

Competitive
Cheap labor
Unskilled/skilled workers
Poor conditions

30
Q

Companies want to attract?

A

The most skilled and intelligent workers

31
Q

What is the brain drain?

A

When the most skilled workers emigrate to find better education and career opportunities

32
Q

What is clandestine migration?

A

Illegal immigration

33
Q

How can clandestine migration take place?

A

Cross the border using a temporary visa and then never leave the country False papers
Smuggling

34
Q

What is the melting pot?

A

combining different cultures

35
Q

What is segregation?

A

Immigrants maintain their own culture and stay away from the new one. They are encouraged to live apart from the rest of society.

36
Q

What is interculturalism?

A

Promotes a dominant shared culture and encourages cultural diversity, but not all cultures are considered equally.

37
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

All countries are considered equally.

38
Q

What is assimilation?

A

Immigrants give up their culture for the new one and there can only be one culture, others are rejected.

39
Q

How can a country decide an immigrant is a permanent resident?

A 
Financial situation 
Languages spoken
Level of education 
Skills
No criminal record
40
Q

What does naturalized mean?

A

To gain citizenship using additional steps

41
Q

What are naturalized qualities?

A

Living in the new country for years
Mastering its language
Knowing its culture

42
Q

What is remittance?

A

When an immigrant sends money back home.

43
Q

What are diasporas?

A

People who share a common ethnic identity and maintain ties based on it.

44
Q

How can immigrants contribute to diasporas?

A

Establishing international networks and trade relations
Fund transfers
Economic mutual aid
Cultural exchange

45
Q

What does a negative net migration mean?

A

More emigrants leaving

46
Q

What does a positive net migration mean?

A

More immigrants joining

47
Q

What is replacement migration?

A

Using immigration to replace missing workers caused by low demographic growth

Population (1 decks)

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