Migration 2

Question 1

What Spanish explorer discovered the Americas and when?

Answer 1

Christopher Colombus 1492.
Hoped to find new route to India by sea - West Indies

Question 2

What English explorer discovered Canada and when?

Answer 2

John Cabot 1496. On behalf of Henry VII

Question 3

When was the first slave trading voyage?

Answer 3

John Hawkins 1562

Question 4

When was Hawkins knighted?

Answer 4

1588 by Elizabeth I

Question 5

What document did privateers have?

Answer 5

Letter of Marque

Question 6

What was a Bucaneer?

Answer 6

Pirates who attacked ships for plunder

Question 7

Who was the most famous privateer?

Answer 7

Francis Drake - also richest pirate

Question 8

What riches did Drake plunder from Spain?

Answer 8

Conception:
chests of coins
80 pounds of gold
26 tons silver
worth over £3million today

Question 9

What cargo did privateers plunder?

Answer 9

Silks, jewels, spices, wine, brandy, money, slaves, brandy

Question 10

How did England overcome its failure to find its own gold in the Americas?

Answer 10

10-15% of Spanish ships captured by rival countries

Question 11

What does ‘picaroon’ mean?

Answer 11

Pirate & slaver

Question 12

What new tech facilitated the voyages of discovery?

Answer 12

Ships: bigger sails, more firepower, stability
Tools: astrolabe, quadrant, standardised maps

Question 13

When was the Spanish armada defeated?

Answer 13

1588

Question 14

Which puritan privateer worsened relations with Spain?

Answer 14

Drake

Question 15

Who is the ‘father of American colonies’ and who did he work for?

Answer 15

Sir Walter Raleigh
Worked for Elizabeth I and James I

Question 16

In what century was the reformation of the church?

Answer 16

16th century (1500s)

Question 17

Did Elizabeth I support voyages of discovery?

Answer 17

Yes - financed/sponsored them to get profit

Question 18

Who did James I give a Royal Charter to?

Answer 18

Virginia Company (1606)
Plymouth Company (1620)

Question 19

Where did Drake claim for ENGLAND?

Answer 19

Nova Albion (New England) in California

Question 20

What trade collapsed in England in the 1500s?

Answer 20

Wool/cloth trade

Question 21

When did Barbados become a colony? and for what?

Answer 21

1625 - tobacco plantations and later sugar due to the slave trade

Question 22

How much could those who traded in slaves expect to earn on their investment?

Answer 22

could earn up to 800% on their investment

Question 23

What monarchs financially supported the slave trade?

Answer 23

Elizabeth I, Charles II

Question 24

What company was Charles II a partner in?

Answer 24

Charles II was a partner in the Royal African Company

Question 25

How many slaves did the Royal African Company transport?

Answer 25

150,000 between 1680 and 1688

Question 26

How much did Britain make from the Slave trade?

Answer 26

~£60 million~

Question 27

What English cities benefitted from the slave trade?

Answer 27

Glasgow, Liverpool, Bristol

Question 28

When was slavery abolished?

Answer 28

1807 and slave ownership was banned in 1833

Question 29

What was the first successful British colony?

Answer 29

Jamestown, Virginia 1607

Question 30

How many slaves did British traders trade?

Answer 30

>3million

Question 31

How many Africans did Hawkins sell on his first voyage?

Answer 31

1200 in 1562

Question 32

How many voyages went to Africa for Slaves?

Answer 32

10,000 voyages in the 245 years of the slave trade

Question 33

How many slaves did Britian transport per year?

Answer 33

6700 slaves/year

Question 34

Where were the most valuable colonies?

Answer 34

West Indies brought £4 million by 1800s

Question 35

By 1750, how much of the governments total income relied on colonies?

Answer 35

70% of the government's total income came from taxes on goods from its colonies

Question 36

What buildings were funded by the slave trade? (3)

Answer 36

Bank of England Liverpool Town Hall National Portrait Gallery

Question 37

How much profit did British slave traders make?

Answer 37

20-50% profit per voyage

Question 38

English people made weapons to be sold to West Africa including...

Answer 38

100,000 guns a year from 4000 gun makers in Birmingham

Question 39

Where did puritans migrate to?

Answer 39

Pilgrim Fathers migrated to New Plymouth to escape persecution

Question 40

When was the first (unsuccessful) colony in America?

Answer 40

Roanoke 1584 - base to attack the Spanish

Question 41

How much do Indigenous Americans account for the population today?

Answer 41

only 0.7% of the USA's population

Question 42

How did the population of indigenous people in America change following British colonialism?

Answer 42

1500: c. 560,000 1700: >280,000 HALVED!!!

Question 43

What groups migrated to avoid religious persecution?

Answer 43

Quakers, Puritans, Catholics fear of prison/execution

Question 44

How many Puritans migrated?

Answer 44

80,000 under Charles I (1630)

Question 45

What happened in Britain to encourage people to leave in the 1600s?

Answer 45

Civil war Charles I and Oliver Cromwell

Question 46

What economic factors influenced migration?

Answer 46

High unemployment Low wages Failed harvests (labourers and farmers)

Question 47

What lucrative cash crops were a pull factor?

Answer 47

Cash Crops included: sugar, cotton, tobacco, potatoes

Question 48

What king encouraged settling in Virginia?

Answer 48

James I - gave permission

Question 49

How did the government push migration to Americas?

Answer 49

Persecution (religious) Imperialism

Question 50

What event transforming Britain's workforce was financed by slavery?

Answer 50

Industrial revolution

Question 51

Why did Britain want the colonists to pay taxes?

Answer 51

Financial troubles after the Seven Years War?

Question 52

Why did the colonists oppose taxes?

Answer 52

'No taxation without representation'

Question 53

When and what was the Stamp Act?

Answer 53

The Stamp Act (1765) was a tax on printed goods and the first attempt to directly tax the colonists

Question 54

Who opposed the Stamp Act?

Answer 54

The 13 colonies were united in their opposition. Led by lawyers e.g. John Adams

Question 55

Why did the Boston Massacure happen?

Answer 55

Anger at further taxes imposed in 1767.

Question 56

When was the Boston Massacre? How many died?

Answer 56

1770 - 5 colonists died

Question 57

How did Britain respond to people buying smuggled tea?

Answer 57

To protect the East India Company, Britain reduced taxes on tea to make it cheaper

Question 58

Who were the Sons of Liberty? What did they do?

Answer 58

Wanted to stop people buying taxed tea. Boston Tea Party

Question 59

When was the Boston Tea Party?

Answer 59

16th December 1773

Question 60

How did Britain respond to the Boston Tea party?

Answer 60

Coercive Acts (1774) which included closing the port of Boston to all trade

Question 61

When and what were the Navigation Acts?

Answer 61

The Navigation Acts (1651 - 1673) meant only British goods could be imported to Britain. Prices could be increased as there was not much competition. =MONOPOLY

Question 62

When was the first congress?

Answer 62

In 1774, 56 representatives met in Philadelphia

Question 63

How many died in the War of Independence?

Answer 63

10,000 soldiers and 20,000 sailors

Question 64

How much did the War of Independence cost Britain?

Answer 64

£80 million - but it was still very wealthy

Question 65

How many migrated to Canada following American Independence?

Answer 65

100,000 loyalists left for Canada as they did not want to live under a Republican Government

Question 66

Where did Britain refocus after America?

Answer 66

Other colonies like Canada, India and Africa. Transportation to Australia