Migration

Question 1

Why did the Vikings come to England
.4 reasons.

Answer 1

1. gave younger brother’s land opportunities.
2. Land was fertile
3. Land in Scandinavia was sandy and hilly, unlike England.
4. more land because Scandinavia was becoming overcrowded

Question 2

How did Alfred the Great defeat the Vikings

Answer 2

He creatied unity amongst the Anglo-
Saxon Christians against their common enemy
He accepted the establishment of a separate Viking kingdom

Question 3

definition: danelaw

Answer 3

The place where the vikings lived including East Anglia, Northumbria and Mercia

Question 4

definition: danegeld

Answer 4

The money that Aethelred paid the Vikings, so that they would leave him alone.

Question 5

What did Danelaw lead to

Answer 5

Led to to Cnut’s North Sea Empire in 1035

Question 6

what did the NSE lead to

Answer 6

Political instability- this lead to the Norman conquest

Question 7

How did the influence of the Normans change the country

Answer 7

Added the French language and French culture to England. This connection to France had a strong influence on England’s development between 1066 and 1453.

Question 8

What was the Angevin empire?

Answer 8

It was under Henry II’s reign and consisted of England, some of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and some of France.

Question 9

How was the AE lost

Answer 9

King John- he lost all the territories in France, led to a setback in England’s imperialism.
Official language was changed to English.

Question 10

What was the significance of the Angevin Empire

Answer 10

Led to a stronger sense of British identity and created a common language- english.
Bankrupted England and helped with the formation of the Magna Carta.

Question 11

How did the Hundred Year War affect the country

Answer 11

A growing sense of English national identity encouraged King Edward III to invade France in 1346 to restore the French territories of the old Angevin Empire. This attempt to conquer French territory for England was the start of the Hundred Years’ War
which ended in defeat for England. However the famous victories England enjoyed during the war would go down in history. The battles at Crecy, Poitiers and Agincourt helped to form a distinctive and unique national identity.

Question 12

What did the St Bartholomew’s Days massacre lead to?

Answer 12

led to the arrival of the Huguenots from France who were protestant and wanted to escape religious persecution.

Question 13

Why were the American colonies ideal for many Europeans?

Answer 13

It allowed prosperity or freedom from religious persecution

Question 14

Why did colonisation increase?

Answer 14

Migration from Britain to the colonies increased as England united with Scotland in 1707 to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain.

Question 15

What value did the colonies have?

Answer 15

These colonies also became more profitable as the demand for New World crops, such as tobacco, increased.

Question 16

How did the increasing value of the colonies affect migration?

Answer 16

This encouraged even greater migration and the growth of a Royal Navy to protect the vast profits that were being made in the American colonies.

Question 17

What happened during the Slave trade?

Answer 17

British ships in the 18th century gained a virtual
monopoly on the transportation of captive Africans across the Atlantic to work in inhuman conditions on sugar, tobacco and cotton plantations all over the Americas. This was the greatest forced migration in human history and it made Britain very wealthy.

Question 18

Slave trade in America

Answer 18

1619: privateer: The White Lion brought 20 enslaved Africans ashore in the British colony of Jamestown, Virginia.
17th Century: European settlers in North America turned to enslaved Africans as a cheaper, more plentiful labour source than indentured servants.
It is estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone. Enslaved Africans worked mainly on the tobacco, rice, and indigo plantations of the southern coast.

Question 19

How did the American revolution affect the way Americans perceived the slave trade?

Answer 19

After the American Revolution, many colonists began to link the oppression of enslaved Africans to their own oppression by the British, and to call for slavery’s abolition. However, the new U.S. Constitution tacitly acknowledged the institution of slavery.

Question 20

Slave trade in the Caribbean

Answer 20

The spread of sugar ‘plantations’ in the Caribbean created a great need for workers. The planters increasingly turned to buying enslaved men, women, and children who were brought from Africa. Some 5 million enslaved Africans were taken to the Caribbean, almost half of whom were brought to the British Caribbean (2.3 million). The slave trade had long-lasting negative effects on the islands of the Caribbean.

Question 21

Slave trade in the UK

Answer 21

Europe and the Mediterranean world during the medieval period (500–1500) were part of a highly interconnected network of slave trading. Throughout Europe, wartime captives were commonly forced into slavery. As European kingdoms transitioned to feudal societies, serfdom began to replace slavery as the main economic and agricultural engine. The transatlantic slave trade scattered enslaved Africans across the Americas, the Caribbean, and Europe.

Question 22

How did the Trading lead to Conflict?

Answer 22

This wealth was used to increase Britain’s global trading presence and brought her into conflict with her old enemy France in the
Seven Years’ War.

Question 23

The revolution

Answer 23

After this, Britain became the unchallenged global sea power, but the taxes it imposed on the colonists in America to pay for the Seven Years’ War led to protests, and eventually the colonists defeated British forces in the American War of Independence
in 1783.

Question 24

How did the loss of the American colonies affect the Empire?

Answer 24

It gave Britain dominance over its European rivals for trade with Asia, particularly India.

Question 25

How did the EIC take control of India?

Answer 25

It expanded its activities in the 18th century until they became more than just merchants in India and began to assume the role of a government over large areas of the country. After a large part of the Indian army rebelled against Company rule in 1857, the British government took direct control of India, and by 1876 had declared that the British Queen was Empress of India. British authorities ruled India with the collaboration of an anglicised Indian elite, who would later develop ideas of Indian national unity and independence.

Question 26

How did the 19th century’s new technological advances change communications among the British Empire?

Answer 26

The 19th century relied on pioneering technological advances, such as the development of the railways, steam-ship travel and the telegraph. These technological advances made it easier for people to travel and communicate in Britain’s vast empire, and huge numbers migrated to Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

Question 27

Why did many Irish people come to Britain?

Answer 27

Hundreds of thousands of Irish migrants came to Britain to escape poverty and
famine

Question 28

Why did many Eastern European Jews come to Britain?

Answer 28

Thousands of Eastern European Jews chose to settle in Britain to escape persecution.

Question 29

definition: the scramble for Africa

Answer 29

British traders continued to seek riches from Africa and worked to dominate other trades on the West African coast. By the late 19th century Britain faced competition from other European powers and decided to co-operate with them in a wholesale land-grab across the African continent.

Question 30

How did cecil rhodes expand British expansion in Africa?

Answer 30

Cecil Rhodes took major decisions without consulting the British Government. This then forced Parliament to support these men after they had already taken action. A famous example of this is when Rhodes pulled the London government into a war against Dutch settlers, known as Boers, in South Africa.

Question 31

Which areas of Africa did Britain occupy?

Answer 31

Britain eventually expanded its control over vast swathes of southern, eastern and western Africa by 1920

Question 32

“The harsh realities of maintaining a vast land
empire, included the near extermination of aboriginals in Australia and the exploitation of Africans. Nonetheless British people in the early 20th century believed their empire was one of liberty, based on free trade and good government.”
Why were the public oblivious to the horrors of the BE?

Answer 32

lack of information
propaganda
selective memory
national pride

Question 33

How did Britain’s involvement in the BE affect its demand for freedom?

Answer 33

As Britain’s involvement with its empire increased so did demands for greater independence. This was quickly granted to some of the white colonies: Australia, Canada and New Zealand in the 20th century. However granting greater freedom proved far more difficult for Ireland and even more problematic for India. It would take thirty years of campaigns and protests and World War Two before India achieved independence in 1947. After attempting to build a new empire in Africa in the early 1950s, the British Government realised the empire project was finished.

Question 34

Why was the commonwealth created and what was its effects?

Answer 34

It was designed to create some unity between Britain’s old imperial possessions.

The effect: Thousands of people from the Caribbean, the Indian subcontinent and Africa decided to migrate to the heart of the old Empire - many saw this as ‘the mother country’.