Migration Flashcards
examples of push and pull factors for migration in the 19th century
wage gaps
friends and family
slavery (forced migration)
1/2 of all the world’s migrants live in the same (how many) countries
10
example of cluster phenomenon US
Cuban born in miami (25%)
how can assimilation be measured over time
wage gap
benefits of good assimilation of migrant communities
reduces strain on social services
lowers tension
within the USA people are migrating where
south and west eg austin, hueston,san fran
what can the USA migration to south and west be attributed to
widespread use of air conditioning makes working it 9-5 in hotter climates more bearabke
pros of migration for destination country
more productive workforce can reduce wages for business can reduce cost of products and services can bring ideas and global experience better culture and diversity
cons of migartion for destination country
can lower wages
can add to crime - segregated societies
can burden tax payer
can overcrowd public goods
who’s wages are most effected when new migrants enter a country
previous migrants as they cluster into similar industries
opening all boarders would have what effect compared to opening all trade barriers
x2
key determinants of migration impact
effects of migrants departure on non migrants
elasticity of labour
source of production
what is brain drain
departure of skilled/talented people from a country
if the people leaving a country are the most productive people what effect will this have on the country being departed from
brain drain
political problems
less r+d
how do wages in the origin country change when many people emmigrate
increase(those who remain benefit)
which is a more important factor for productivity - where you are or who you are
where you are
how does Ireland have soft power
many connections worldwide due to mass emmigration
what are the 6 forces of migration
gap in unskilled wages demographic gap future is low skilled employment zombie/ghost cities migrant networks failure of restrictionism
examples of countries with demographic gaps
japan
italy
germany
do emerging economies tend to have similar demographic gaps to countries such as japan
no emerging economies tend to have younger
effects of aging population
workforce getting smaller and more government spending on retirees
old age dependency rate
retired pop / working + retired
as the eurozone grows quite old, where will new productivity come from
peripherals of eurozone with younger demographic eg middle eastern countries
what are the low skilled jobs in the future which are bound to be most popular and less likely to be automated
human centered occupations
eg nursing and care, retail, food services
which types of jobs are dying out
routine jobs that can be automated
what is a possible problem relating to the low employment levels in high skilled jobs
domestic workers could be competing with migrant workers for the low skilled but essential jobs - increased tension
if labour supply is elastic will people be more or less liekly to migrate
more
if labour supply is inelastic what can happen
people are locked in and entire cities/ towns can become unproductive - zombie cities
example of zombie/ghost towns US
middle great plains as people migrate towards the coasts as there were no barriers to migrate
what was left is gohst towns
how are migrant networks a factor that encourages migration
people had made strong family ties and settled in so plan to stay permenantly
have migration barriers been successful in the past
no just encourages illegal smuggling and migration
what is meant by perverse selection caused by migration barriers
only people in the most dire situations are willing to take the risk of coming
these people will not be the economically productive labour force the country is seeking
