Might be on the Test

Question 1

predicting change in entropy

Answer 1

5. allotropes (diamond < graphite) [carbon]

Question 2

states of matter [gas]

Answer 2

gases — molecules free to move around; located far apart from each other

Question 3

states of matter [liquid]

Answer 3

attractive forces between molecules strong enough to hold them together but not enough to keep from moving

Question 4

states of matter [solid]

Answer 4

forces strong enough to lock molecules in place

Question 5

normal boiling point and mt. everest

Answer 5

normal bp depends on atmospheric pressure. this means at lower atm. pressure, the vp of a liquid doesn’t have to be as high, which means it takes less temp. to boil at mt. everest than at sea level

Question 6

colligative properties (bp elevation)

Answer 6

boiling point of solution is higher than the solvent

ΔT = k(b)m(soln)

Question 7

colligative properties (fp depression)

Answer 7

freezing point of solution is lower than the solvent

ΔT = k(f)m(soln)

Question 8

colligative properties (bp depression)

Answer 8

boiling point of solution is lower than the solvent

ΔT = ik(b)m(soln)

Question 9

colligative properties (fp elevation)

Answer 9

freezing point of solution is higher than the solvent
ΔT = ik(f)m(soln)

Question 10

factors that change equilibrium (catalyst)

Answer 10

speeds up a reaction but doesn’t actually change concentration; doesn’t change equilibrium

Question 11

types of acids/bases (arrhenius) [good]

Answer 11

molecule that produces H+ ions (acid)
molecule that produces OH- ions (base)

Question 12

types of acids/bases (arrhenius) [good]

Answer 12

molecule that produces H+ ions (acid)
molecule that produces OH- ions (base)

Question 13

types of acids/bases (bronsted-lowrey) [best]

Answer 13

molecule that donates H+ when dissolved in water (acid)
molecule that accepts H+ when dissolved in water (base)

Question 14

types of acids/bases (Lewis)

Answer 14

not used much
useful in organics

Question 15

acid strength (nonmetal oxides)

Answer 15

acidic in H2O

Question 16

acid strength (metal oxides)

Answer 16

basic in H2O

Question 17

buffer capacity

Answer 17

the ability of the buffer to resist a change in pH

greatest when [HA] = [A-]
pH = pKa
acid/base is no more than 10x concentration of the other

Question 18

cell short hand notation

Answer 18

Zn + Cu2+ = Cu + Zn2+

Zn | Zn2+ || Cu2+ | Cu

Question 19

homogeneous catalyst

Answer 19

a catalyst that is in the same phase as all the reactants in a reaction system

Question 20

heterogeneous catalyst

Answer 20

A catalyst that is in a different phase from that of the reactant substances.