midturm

Question 1

1. What is Mass Media?

Answer 1

Media: Traditional forms include books, theater, TV, radio, and cinema.
Mass Media: Focuses on mass communication—sending the same message to a large audience.
Example: News delivers immediate information, while songs/movies are for entertainment.
Terminology:
“Medium” = singular.
“Media” = plural.

Question 2

2. Medium (Rosalind Krauss, 1999)

Answer 2

Artistic Medium: Refers to the material, technique, or framework through which communication happens (e.g., painting, photography).
Purpose: A medium helps structure communication, shaping both the message and its meaning.

Question 3

3. Apparatus

Answer 3

Definition: More than a tool; it impacts the outcome significantly.
Example: A camera’s settings limit and influence a photographer’s creative choices.
Photographic Apparatus: Any device used for photography (e.g., camera, lens).
Can be extended metaphorically to a “textual apparatus” in writing.
Theorists:
Michel Foucault:
Apparatus = A strategic system that maintains power by connecting elements like knowledge, behaviors, and practices.
Purpose: Addresses specific societal needs.
Giorgio Agamben:
Apparatus = A system that captures, controls, or models human behavior, gestures, or thoughts.
Examples: Computers, AI, language.