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AAA.ONE2 > midtern review > Flashcards

midtern review Flashcards

0
Q

jackson compression test

A

Pt laterally flexes head to unaffected side, examiner carefully presses down on head. performed bilaterally

  • neck pain
  • IVFE
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1
Q

Foraminal Compression

A

aka Spurling’s Test

positive finding: neck pain
diff dx: IVFE

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2
Q

distraction test

A

*pt should remove earrings, glasses, hearing aids

  • relief of pain
  • IVFE
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3
Q

shoulder depression test

A

examiner laterally flexes pt’s head while apply downward pressure on ipsilateral shoulder

  • neck pain
  • diff dx: neck pain
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4
Q

Shoulder Abduction (relief) test

A

pt elevates arm through abduction so hand or forearm rests on top of head

  • relief of pain
  • cervical herniated disc
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5
Q

valsalva

A

pt asked to take deep breath and bear down as if moving a bowel

  • pain (anywhere along spinal column)
  • Space Occupying Lesion, herniation, IVFE
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6
Q

soto-hall test

A

flex pt’s chin to chest, examiner applies pressure to flex pt’s head

  • sharp pain down spine
  • radiating pain = meningeal irritation
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7
Q

O’Donoghue Maneuver

A

test range of motion of cervical spine, if no pain test passive range of motion - flexion & extension, lateral flexion, rotate

  • decreased ROM
  • AROM - muscle strain; PROM - ligament sprain
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8
Q

swivel chair (dizziness test)

A

rotate pt’s head as far as possible to one side for 10-30 sec. then return to neutral and rotate shoulders and hold for 10-30 sec. perform bil - until pt feels dizzy

-dizziness
-dizzy in both position = vertebral artery pathology
dizzy in shoulder rotation = semicircular canal pathology

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9
Q

cervical quadrant (aka vertebral artery) test

A

1) move head into extension and lateral flexion
2) rotate to same side and hold for 30 sec, until pt feels dizzy

  • dizziness
  • vertebral artery compression
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10
Q

bikele’s sign

A

“big kelly likes to punch people”
on involved side, pt abducts shoulder to 90 degree with elbow fully flexed, then rapidly extend elbow

  • radicular pain
  • nerve root compression
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11
Q

brudzinski’s test

A

“brudzinski went to soto”
active or passively flex pt’s neck completely (same as soto)

  • slight flexion of hips and knees
  • meningitis
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12
Q

kernig’s sign

A

“kernig kicks”
flex pt’s hips and knees until their feet are flat on the table. examiner places one hand under pt’s knee and grabs pt’s ankle with the other hand. examiner slowly extends one knee at a time

  • kicking motion
  • meningitis
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13
Q

Allen Test

A

Allen’s testicle
pt opens and closes hand several times quickly, making tight fist.
examiner compresses radial and ulnar arteries with both thumbs. pressure is released on one artery to see if hand flushes, repeat with other artery

  • takes >10 sec to regain normal color
  • radial or ulnar artery occlusion
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14
Q

Adson Maneuver

A

examiner locates radial pulse - Pt’s head is rotated to face the involved side - Pt then extends the head while the examiner laterally rotates and extends the Pt’s shoulder. the pt takes a deep breath and holds it for 30 sec. [stretch subclavian artery]

  • decreased intensity of the radial pulse
  • TOS [anterior scalene is occluding the subclavian artery or cervical rib.
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15
Q

Halstead Maneuver

A

examiner finds radial pulse & applies downward traction on the test extremity while the pt’s neck is hyperextended & head is rotated to opp side.

  • decreased intensity of radial pulse
  • TOS
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16
Q

Allen Maneuver

A

flex pt’s elbow to 90 while the shoulder is extended horizontally and externally rotated. pt rotates the head away

  • decreased intensity of radial pulse
  • TOS
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17
Q

Roos Test / elevated arm stress test (EAST) / provocative elevation test

A

pt stands & abducts arms to 90 - laterally rotates the shoulder & flexes elbow to 90 so they’re behind the frontal plane. pt then opens and closes hands slowly for 3 mins.

  • pt unable to keep arms in starting position for 3 min
  • TOS
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18
Q

wright maneuver

A

take pulse with arm at side, then continue taking pulse, as pt hyperabduct arm so that hand is over head w elbow & arm in coronal plane w shoulder laterally rotated. pt takes breath in, rotate or extend head and neck may have additional affect.

  • decreased intensity of radial pulse
  • TOS
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19
Q

costoclavicular syndrome test

A

stand behind pt
pt place both arms behind their back. palpate radial pulse bilaterally and instruct pt to bring their shoulders down and back [bring clavicle and rib down]

  • decreased intensity of the Radial Pulse
  • TOS
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20
Q

adam’s position / skyine view

A

pt flexes forward at waist, observe from behind, look for hump on one side, scoliosis

  • unilateral hump scoliosis
  • if scoliosis remains Structural; if it disappears Functional
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21
Q

passive scapular approximation

A

examiner passively lifts the shoulders up and back (bring scapula closer)

  • pain in scapular area
  • T1 or T2 nerve root lesion
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22
Q

slump test (sitting dural stretch test)

A

pt asked to slump so that spine flexes and shoulders sag forward. examiner holds chin & head erect. if no symptoms, examiner flexes pt’s neck and holds head down and shoulders slumped. if no symptoms, examiner passively extends one of pt’s knee, if no symp dorsiflex foot of extended leg, do the other leg.

  • sciatica
  • impingement of dura
23
Q

apley’s scratch test

A

demonstrate for pt, to place one hand behind their head, bt their scapulae. then place same hand down behind their lower back. examiner noes if pt can perform these simple tasks.

  • decreased ROM
  • frozen shoulder
24
Q

mazion’s test of shoulder

A

pt places palm of affected side on opp shoulder

  • pain or inability to lift arm
  • “dugas’ sign” for acute dislocated shoulder
25
Q

apprehension test [aka crank test]

A

abduct arm to 90, elbow flexed to 90 and externally rotate shoulder, slowly

  • look for apprehension
  • glenohumeral anterior instability
26
Q

relocation test [fowler’s sign /jobe’s relocation]

A

while performing apprehension test, examiner applies posterior force to humeral head

  • relief of pain
  • GH instability
27
Q

Sulcus sign

A

grasp forearm below elbow. flex elbow & push down on proximal forearm, pulling arm distally

  • unilateral sulcus
  • GH inferior instability
28
Q

feagin test - inferior instability (modified sulcus sign)

A

-abduct pt shoulder to 90 with elbow ext and rest on examiner’s shoulder or forearm, clasps hand or place one hand bt upper and middle 1/3 humerus and other under forearm push inferior and anterior

  • look for apprehension
  • anterior inferior instability of GH joint
29
Q

clunck test

A

one hand on posterior aspect of humeral head other hand @ humerus above elbow. fully abduct arm overhead. push anterior at humeral head. (make fist to upward pressure) with other hand lateral rotate humerus

  • clunk or grinding sound
  • -labral tear
30
Q

spring test

A

apply downward pressure @ distal clavicle, can use one hand to stabilize @ inf angle of scapulae [raise elbow in the air and push down, base of hand on inferior of scapulae]

  • pain or popping at AC joint
  • AC joint separation
31
Q

acromioclavicular sheer test - AC instability

A

place one hand on ant clavicle, place other hand on spine of scapula. squeeze hands together [base of hand on clavicle]

  • pain or abnormal movt at AC joint
  • AC joint pathology sprain or dislocation
32
Q

supraspinatus or empty can test

A

1) arms are abd to 90 w no rotation. abduction is resisted. then repeat with medial rotation.
2) empty can test - angled forward 30 in scapular plane
3) full can test - done with external rotation

  • pain or shoulder weakness
  • supraspinatus tendonosis/itis
33
Q

drop arm test

A

abduct pt’s shoulder to 180, ask pt to slowly lower arm to side

  • arm drops rapidly to pt’s side
  • rotator cuff tear
34
Q

hawkins-kennedy impingement test

A

pt stands while examiner forward flexes arm to 90. then forcibly medially rotates the shoulder. [examiner using both hands medially rotates pt’s arm]

  • pain
  • supraspinatus paratenoitis/tendonosis
35
Q

speed’s test

A

shoulder is flexed to app 45, examiner resists shoulder forward flexion by pt with elbow extended and first in supination then pronation [locate bicipital groove, thumb in midline of humerus, lateral groove]

  • pain in bicipital groove
  • bicipital paratendonitis/osis
36
Q

yergason’s test

A

“you’re gone son”
pt’s elbow flexed 90. stabilized against thorax with forearm pronated, examiner resists supination and lateral rotation of arm while palpating biceps tendon at groove.

  • popping [biceps tendon pops out of bicipital groove over lesser tubercle]
  • torn transverse ligament of biceps; tenderness only - biceps tendonosis/itis
37
Q

ligamentous instability test of elbow

A

grab pt’s elbow with one hand & other hand grab above wrist with elbow in 20-30 of flexion, apply valgus (abd, testing MCL) and then varus (add, testing LCL) force while palpating ligament

  • excessive medial or lateral deviation of elbow
  • medial or lateral collateral ligament sprain
38
Q

cozen’s test

A

stabilize shoulder w one hand. pt makes fist, flexes elbow and extends wrist. examiner places other hand on top of pt’s fist, then examiner pulls anterior on pt’s fist, while pt resists the motion.

  • sudden severe pain in lateral epicondyle
  • lateral epicondylitis / tennis elbow
39
Q

mill’s test

A

hae pt pronate forearm, extend wrist and extend elbow. examiner then grabs pt’s fist stabilizes their shoulder and tries to flex wrist against pt’s resistance

  • sudden severe pain over lateral epicondyle
  • lateral epicondylitis/tennis elbow
40
Q

extensor digitorum communis MMT (method 3)

A

examiner resists extension of 3rd digit of hand, distal to proximal interphalangeal (pip) joint. stressing the extensor digitorum myo tendon.

  • pain over lateral epicondyle
  • lateral epicondylitis / tennis elbow
41
Q

golfer’s elbow test medial epicondlitis

A

pt extend their elbow and flex their wrist. examiner grabs pt’s fist and stabilizes the pt’s elbow or shoulder. instruct pt to resist as you try to extend pt’s wrist.

  • pain over medial epicondyle
  • medial epicondylitis
42
Q

tinel’s sign of elbow

A

tap ulnar nerve in sulcus for the ulnar nerve (a groove bt olecranon process and medial epicondyle)

  • sustained pain, numbness, tingling
  • ulnar neuropathy
43
Q

seated elbow flexion test

A

pt fully flex elbow with wrist extension, shoulder abduction and depression, hold for 3-5 min

  • pain, numbness, tingling
  • cubital tunnel syndrome (cts) = ulnar neuropathy
44
Q

pronator syndrome test

A

pt flexes elbow to 90. examiner resists pronation as elbow is extended [like punching]

  • pain, numbness, tingling
  • median nerve neuropathy or pronator teres mucle syndrome
45
Q

axial load test / compression test

A

stabilize wrist with one hand, other hand grasps thumb and applies axial compression [testing carpal/metacarpal bone]

  • pain
  • carpal/metacarpal fxr
46
Q

boxer’s fracture and murphy’s sign

A

pt makes a fist. examiner observes the metacarpal jt’s (knuckle)

  • 3rd metacarpal is leveled with 2nd and 4th
  • dislocated lunate or fxr 3rd metacarpal
47
Q

ligamentous instability test of the fingers

A

stabilize pt’s finger with one hand proximal to jt tested. w other hand grasp finger distal to jt tested. apply varus or valgus stress to jt. [test collateral ligaments of pip and dip]

  • ligament laxity
  • collateral ligament sprain or laxity
48
Q

grind test

A

stabilize pt’s hand with one hand and grasp thumb below the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) jt. with other hand. apply axial compression and rotating to MCP jt.

  • pain and or grinding in jt
  • degenerative joint disease or MC trapezial jts
49
Q

finkelstein test

A

pt makes fist around their thumb, examiner stabilizes forearm and ulnar deviates wrist. 4 –> fist –> ulnar deviate wrist

  • pain in one hand more than the other
  • stenosing tenosynovitis / De Quervain’s Syndrome
50
Q

bunnel-littler test

A

MCP jt is held in slight extension while examiner moves pip jt into flexion, if possible

  • inability to flex PIP jt
  • joint capsule contracture or tight intrinsic myo’s
51
Q

tinel’s sign of wrist

A

tap over carpal tunnel @ wrist, over the median nerve (wait 2 sec bt each tap and ask about pain…)

  • pain, numbness, tingling that is sustained
  • carpal tunnel syndrome
52
Q

phalen’s test

A

pt places dorsum of both hands together w forearms parallel to floor, hold for 1 min or to POINT OF PAIN

  • pain, numbness, tingling
  • CTS
53
Q

reverse phalen’s test

A

pt places palms of both hands together with forearms parallel to floor, hold for 1 min or to point of pain

  • pain, numbness, tingling
  • CTS
54
Q

carpal compression test

A

examiner holds supinated wrist in both hands and applies direct, even pressure over the median nerve in carpal tunnel for up to 30 sec or to point of pain

  • pain, numbness, tingling
  • CTS
55
Q

pinch test

A

“ok, AIN’T ok”
pt asked to pinch the tips of index finger and thumb together.

  • pt unable to pinch tip to tip, instead pad to pad
  • anterior interosseous nerve entrapment

AAA.ONE2 (3 decks)

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